Decolorization and Detoxification of Triphenylmethane Dyes by isolated endophytic fungus, Bjerkandera adusta SWUSI4 under non-nutritive conditions

Abstract

Biodecolorization by microorganisms is a potential treatment technique of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes as they seem to be environmentally safe. In the present study, the decolourization and detoxification of cotton blue, crystal violet, malachite green and methyl violet by endophytic fungi from metal-contaminated, Sinosenecio oldhamianu, were investigated. Preliminary screening result indicated that SWUSI4, identified as Bjerkandera adusta, demonstrated the best decolorization for the four TPM dyes within 14 days. Furthermore, optimization result demonstrated the decolorization rate could reach above 90% at 24h by live cells of isolate SWUSI4 when 4g biomass was added into 100mL dyes solution with the concentration 50mg L-1 and shaking conditions. Moreover, decolorization mechanism analysis shows that the decolorization was caused by isolate SWUSI4 that mainly including both absorption of biomass and/or degradation of enzymes. Biosorption of dyes was attributed to binding to hydroxyl, amino, phosphoryl alkane, and ester-lipids groups based on fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The biodegradation potential of SWUSI4 was further suggested by the change of peaks in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra and detection of manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase activities. Finally, the phytotoxicity test confirmed that TPM dyes toxicity of the treatment after by SWUSI4 was significantly lower than that before treatment. These results indicate that an endophytic SWUSI4 could be used as a potential TPM dyes adsorption and degradation agent, thus facilitating the study of the plant-endophyte symbiosis in the bioremediation processes.

Recent Achievements in Dyes Removal Focused on Advanced Oxidation Processes Integrated with Biological Methods

“…There are two main mechanisms by which microorganisms remove dyes: biosorption and biodegradation [ 45 , 123 , 208 ]. As the results of the biological dye removal are strongly dependent on the enzymes produced by the organisms, at the beginning of this section, the mechanisms of enzymatic dye degradation will be described.…”

“…The fungal dye removal occurs by adsorption on the fungal mycelium in the first step [ 123 ]. Depending on the dye structure, different physico-chemical interactions are mainly responsible for the adsorption process [ 216 ].…”

Biotransformation ability of endophytic fungi: from species evolution to industrial applications

“…Triclosan can be degraded into detoxifying metabolites, e.g., hydroquinone, (2 Z ,4 E )-3-chloro-2,5-dihydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioic acid, and (2 Z ,4 E )-3-chloro-2,5-dihydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedial by Penicillium oxalicum FJ196840 isolated from Artemisia annua (Tian et al 2018 ). In addition, endophytic fungi can be used to degrade organic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (Tardif et al 2016 ), triphenylmethane (Gao et al 2020a ), cyanide (Al-Badri et al 2020 ), azo compounds (Marzall-Pereira et al 2019 ), and phenols (Rusanova et al 2019 ), in industrial wastewater. For example, Trichoderma harzianum PTA-10317 from Taraxacum officinale L. can completely decompose phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant) into CO 2 and H 2 O (Repas et al 2017 ).…”

Endophytic Fungi-Mediated Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Paving the Way Toward Green Chemistry

“…However, their degradation procedure generates many hazardous and carcinogenic products into the environment. Gao et al (2020) reported that the endophytic fungus Bjerkandera adusta inhabiting the roots of Sinosenecio oldhamianus was capable of decolorizing and detoxifying TPM dyes. The mechanisms responsible for biodecolorization and biodegradation were either due to biosorption or degradation by enzymes (manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) as confirmed by FTIR analysis, UV-spectra, and phytotoxicity tests.…”