Decolorization of Acid Green 25 by Surface Display of CotA laccase on Bacillus subtilis spores

Abstract

Introduction Approximately 10,000 different dyes and pigments are used industrially, and over 7 × 10 5 tons of synthetic dyes are produced annually worldwide [1, 2]. Synthetic dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing, paper printing, color photography, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and other industries [3]. Approximately 128 tons of dye wastewater is discharged daily and high cost is incurred for its removal. Wastewater remediation is challenging because it contains a variety of pollutants and it is difficult to change the composition of the contaminants. Physical, chemical, and biological methods have been widely used to decolorize dye wastewater [4]. The physical and chemical treatment methods are preferred over other methods; however, these methods require high operating cost and other accessory equipment. It would be desirable to develop a new decolorization method that is efficient and cost effective to reduce the overall cost of dye wastewater treatment. Recently, many studies have been published on the decolorization of synthetic dyes by laccase [5, 6]. Laccase was first discovered in 1883 from Rhus vernicifera, the Japanese lacquer tree [7]. Laccases (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase; E.C. 1.10.3.2) are a family of multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) that require oxygen to oxidize organic compounds-particularly phenols and non-phenolic aromatic substrates-by one-electron transfer to form reactive radicals,

Current Status of Bacillus subtills Spore Surface Display System and Its Biotechnological Applications for Two Decades

“…cotY는 GFP [33], cotA laccase [26], lipase B of Bacillus subtilis [34] 발현에 이용되었다. 나머지 cotV와 cotW는 오직 GFP [33] 발현에 응용된 결과 만이 보고되었다.…”

Emerging enzyme surface display systems for waste resource recovery

“…One important advantage of BSSD is its ability to display more complex protein configurations than S‐layer display (Cho et al, 2011 ; Hwang et al, 2011 ; Park et al, 2019 ). As the spore coat forms within the mother cell, the coat‐fusion proteins do not require trans‐membrane secretion before folding, which enables larger, multimeric and co‐factor containing enzymes to assemble correctly (Hwang et al, 2011 ).…”

“…As the spore coat forms within the mother cell, the coat‐fusion proteins do not require trans‐membrane secretion before folding, which enables larger, multimeric and co‐factor containing enzymes to assemble correctly (Hwang et al, 2011 ). For example, functional laccases for degradation of dye effluent have been successfully displayed with potential application in lignocellulosic biomass conversion (Cho et al, 2011 ; Park et al, 2019 ). Additionally, recent work shows that heterologous enzymes can be co‐displayed on the same spore using different carrier proteins to create immobilized enzyme cascades that regenerate cofactors (required by oxidoreductase laccases) (Chen, Ullah, & Jia, 2017 ; Gao et al, 2016 ; Park et al, 2019 ).…”

“…For example, functional laccases for degradation of dye effluent have been successfully displayed with potential application in lignocellulosic biomass conversion (Cho et al, 2011 ; Park et al, 2019 ). Additionally, recent work shows that heterologous enzymes can be co‐displayed on the same spore using different carrier proteins to create immobilized enzyme cascades that regenerate cofactors (required by oxidoreductase laccases) (Chen, Ullah, & Jia, 2017 ; Gao et al, 2016 ; Park et al, 2019 ). However, utilizing BSSD for cellulase and co‐immobilized cofactor‐regenerating enzyme display to catalyse lignocellulosic biomass conversion would likely come up against spore germination issues induced by sugar monomers in solution.…”

The Biodegradation of Indigo Carmine by Bacillus safensis HL3 Spore and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products

“…They are widely used in the biobleaching of kraft pulps, fiber modification in the paper industry, and removing dyes [ 15 , 16 ]. Bacterial spores are some of the most significant sources of laccase [ 17 , 18 ]. Spore laccase is a component of spore coat proteins located on the surface of the spore that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions.…”