Decolourisation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Treatment Technologies: A Review

SYAHIN, M S

doi:10.21894/jopr.2020.0008

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In comparison to the raw POME, which was black and muddy, the colour was transformed to clear light brown, as shown in Figure 9b while Figure 9a shows the original raw POME. The suspended and dissolved particles in the sample contribute colour to the POME [25]. Following the treatment, the particles in the POME were captured by the membrane, giving the permeate a clearer colour.…”

Section: The Permeate Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) Development for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

Abdurahman,

Rosli,

Azhari

et al. 2023

Processes

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The high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels in palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater make it an environmental contaminant. Moreover, conventional POME wastewater treatment approaches pose economic and environmental risks. The present study employed an ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) to treat POME. Resultantly, six steady states were procured when a kinetic assessment involving 11,800–21,700 mg·L−1 of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 9800–16,800 mg·L−1 of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) was conducted. The POME treatment kinetics were explained with kinetic equations derived by Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto for organic at loading rates within the 1–11 kg·COD·m−3·d−1 range. The UMAS proposed successfully removed 96.6–98.4% COD with a 7.5 day hydraulic retention time. The Y value was 0.67 g·VSS/g·COD, while the specific micro-organism decay rate, b was 0.24 day−1. Methane (CH4) gas production ranged from 0.24 to 0.59 litres per gram of COD daily. Once the initial steady state was achieved, the incoming COD concentrations increased to 88,100 mg·L−1. The three kinetic models recorded a minimum calculated solids retention time of 12.1 days with maximum substrate utilization rate, K values ranging from 0.340 to 0.527 COD·g−1·VSS·d−1 and maximum specific growth rate, µmax from 0.248 to 0.474 d−1. Furthermore, the solids retention time (SRT) was reduced from 500 to 12.1 days, resulting in a 98.4% COD level reduction to 1400 mg·L−1.

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Section: The Permeate Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) Development for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

Abdurahman,

Rosli,

Azhari

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…The presence of POME in the environment has diverse adverse effects on aquatic life, water quality, groundwater, soil, and human health (Jasni et al, 2020;Zulfahmi et al, 2021). POME exhibits a dense brownish viscous texture, an unpleasant odour, and a significant colloidal suspension, establishing it as one of the prominent hazardous pollutants (Syahin et al, 2020). The presence of POME poses adverse effects on water quality, the environment, and soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing melanoidin consuming microalgae for electricity generation and wastewater treatment via photosynthetic microbial fuel cell

Chaijak,

Changkit,

Kongthong

2024

Acta Sci. Pol. Formatio Circumiectus

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Aim of the studyIn our investigation, the freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. BF01 to degrade the melanoidin in the palm oil mill effluent and generate electricity in the photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC).Material and methodsThe freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. were used in a PMFC consortium for the degradation of melanoidin and electricity generation. The removal (%), electrochemical properties, and biomass recovery were monitored without adding exogenous medium.Results and conclusionsIn this study, lipid-producing microalgae were employed as whole-cell biocatalysts in a PMFC using palm oil mill effluent as a substrate. The maximal melanoidin removal of 79.54±0.45% was gained. The maximum power density reached was 3.98±0.10 W/m3. The research presents findings that pave the way for the practical implementation of this innovative approach on an industrial scale.

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“…An estimated 2.5–3.8 tons of POME waste may be produced from each ton of CPO during industrial processing, of which the majority is released into the environment without adequate treatment. POME is viscous and thick, produces an unpleasant smell, and has high colloidal suspension ( Syahin, Ghani & Loh, 2020 ). As such, it is regarded as one of the most harmful pollutants that can negatively impact the ecology ( Ratnasari et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus niger as an efficient biological agent for separator sludge remediation: two-level factorial design for optimal fermentation

Thegarathah,

Jewaratnam,

Simarani

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background The booming palm oil industry is in line with the growing population worldwide and surge in demand. This leads to a massive generation of palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME is composed of sterilizer condensate (SC), separator sludge (SS), and hydro-cyclone wastewater (HCW). Comparatively, SS exhibits the highest organic content, resulting in various environmental impacts. However, past studies mainly focused on treating the final effluent. Therefore, this pioneering research investigated the optimization of pollutant removal in SS via different aspects of bioremediation, including experimental conditions, treatment efficiencies, mechanisms, and degradation pathways. Methods A two-level factorial design was employed to optimize the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity using Aspergillus niger. Bioremediation of SS was performed through submerged fermentation (SmF) under several independent variables, including temperature (20–40 °C), agitation speed (100–200 RPM), fermentation duration (72–240 h), and initial sample concentration (20–100%). The characteristics of the treated SS were then compared to that of raw sludge. Results Optimal COD and turbidity removal were achieved at 37 °C 100 RPM, 156 h, and 100% sludge. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant effect of selective individual and interacting variables (p < 0.05). The highest COD and turbidity removal were 97.43% and 95.11%, respectively, with less than 5% error from the predicted values. Remarkably, the selected optimized conditions also reduced other polluting attributes, namely, biological oxygen demand (BOD), oil and grease (OG), color, and carbon content. In short, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of A. niger in treating SS through the application of a two-level factorial design.

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Decolourisation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Treatment Technologies: A Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

A Hybrid Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) Development for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

A Hybrid Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) Development for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

Utilizing melanoidin consuming microalgae for electricity generation and wastewater treatment via photosynthetic microbial fuel cell

Aspergillus niger as an efficient biological agent for separator sludge remediation: two-level factorial design for optimal fermentation

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