Decolourization of Municipal Effluent and Sludge by Pleurotus sajor-caju and Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract

The Americana Municipal Treatment Station, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, manages 400 l of effluent s )1 , from domestic and textile origin, which produces an average of 20 t of sludge per day. The decolourization of the effluent and sludge by three strains of Pleurotus (Pleurotus sajor-caju F2, F6 and Pleurotus ostreatus) was evaluated. The strains of P. sajorcaju F2 and F6 were able to decolourize the sludge, while P. ostreatus was less efficient. Detoxification was appraised with three bioassays comprising the cnidarian Hydra attenuata, the alga Selenastrum capricornutum and lettuce seeds. After exposure to fungi, effluent toxicity decreased but not that of its sludge. Strain P. sajor-caju F6 presented signs of toxicity shown by electron microscopy in the presence of the effluent. The three strains produced high amounts of manganese-peroxidase (Mn-P) and laccase in the presence of the sludge. Although P. ostreatus produced large amount of Mn-P and laccase enzymes, these enzymes did not result in decolourization of the sludge, suggesting that other factors are likely to be involved. Carbon content decreased only in the treatment with P. ostreatus.

Azo dye degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the medium enriched with nitrogen in the presence of primary co-substrate

“…This corroborated the fact that the addition of wheat bran as co-substrate did not increase the removal of dye. Dellamatrice et al (2005) evaluated the removal of colour of industrial effluent by two species of Pleurotus ostreatus, using wheat bran (0.05 g.mL -1 ) and sugar cane bagasse (0.12 g.mL -1 ). After 15 days of operation, the authors observed the complete removal of the dye of the industrial effluent.…”

Hydra, a model system for environmental studies

“…This supports the conclusion that, like the metal-laden mine effluents tested, effluents are most likely to be toxic to Hydra if they contain metals. The H. vulgaris bioassay was also included in a battery of tests used to appraise the detoxification capacity of the three strains of Pleurotus fungi on municipal effluent (Dellamatrice et al, 2005) and the impact of sewage effluent on the deterioration of wetlands (Oberholster et al, 2008).…”

DNA marking of some quantitative trait loci in the cultivated edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kumm.

“…In addition, the increasingly frequent use of oyster mushroom has been proposed in recent years for bio logical treatment of wastes in pulp and paper industry [3][4][5][6], because these fungi possess a complex of ligni nolytic enzymes.…”