Decommissioning of nuclear and radiation-hazardous objects of the russian science center “Kurchatov Institute”

Ryazantsev, E. P.; Kolyadin, V.I.; Egorenkov, P.M.; Smirnov, A.M.; Kukharkin, N. E.; Bylkin, B. K.; Drozdov, A. A.; Zverkov, Yu. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02673575

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We verified that radioactive waste produced during decommissioning for F3 could cause serious damage that cannot be recovered in the future if it is not systematically managed, so this aspect was provided priority [36][37][38]63,67,[71][72][73]108,113,145,148]. For advanced decommissioning nations, such as the USA, France, and Germany, technologies to handle concrete and metal waste, which accounts for most of the dismantled waste, have reached the commercialization level [108,113], and radioactive waste is reused in various areas, including in NPPs, through the deregulation of radioactive waste [75,76]. However, their safe handling methods are not secured for some specialized waste, so the waste is temporarily stored, and studies on how to handle this are currently underway [62,138].…”

Section: Summary Of the Eight Influencing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Decommissioning Strategies for Nuclear Power Plants: A Systematic Literature Review

Park

Son

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The decommissioning of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is rapidly increasing because NPPs are not only no longer profitable in many cases but are also being decommissioned due to a lack of public acceptance or political reasons in many countries, particularly in Europe, following the explosion of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. Accordingly, a significant body of research has focused on achieving safe, environmentally sound, and sustainable decommissioning in many countries where there is demand for NPP decommissioning. In order to achieve sustainable decommissioning that restores the NPP site to its pre-NPP environmental state, it is necessary to understand the safety, technology, and cost aspects as well as having the process and strategy to systematically promote them. Although there are a limited number of countries with experience and knowledge in the management of decommissioning multiple NPPs, researchers in countries just starting NPP decommissioning need diverse research information on how to formulate a sustainable decommissioning strategy as well as related factors. In particular, a systematic review of decommissioning strategies, such as DD, ID, and ET, and the influencing factors associated with each strategy is needed from the researcher’s point of view. In this regard, this study reviews the research literature on decommissioning strategies for nuclear power plants with a sustainable perspective. A systematic method involving a meta-analysis is used. The results of this study confirm that many researchers are most interested in DD and are dealing with ID and ET at the same level, but in reality, DD and ID are being adopted at similar rates. Thus far, only three ETs have been adopted in the United States. Most countries that have adopted ID are deemed to have been influenced by political decisions.

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Section: Summary Of the Eight Influencing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Decommissioning Strategies for Nuclear Power Plants: A Systematic Literature Review

Park

Son

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…These facilities made it possible to study the thermophysical, hydrodynamic, and strength characteristics of elements of the core and the primary equipment of power reactor setups intended for different purposes under conditions as close as possible to natural. Its power together with the loop facilities reached 50 MW [1,2].The equipment of the loop facilities was placed in the basement rooms of the MR reactor building and was highly contaminated -the equivalent dose rate in individual rooms reached 20 mSv/h. In 2013-2014, the equipment in all nine loop facilities was disassembled and about 47 rooms were emptied of equipment [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dismantling of MR-Reactor IN-Vessel Setups

et al. 2015

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The results of dismantling performed on the in-vessel structures of the MR research reactor at National Research Center Kurchatov Institute are presented. Remote-controlled mechanisms and remote methods of diagnostics of the radiation conditions were used to perform the operations. These methods and technologies made it possible to provide radiation protection for the staff performing radiation-hazardous work and meet the dose-load requirements established in the regulatory documents. The results of dose-rate measurements in the work zones and the irradiation doses to personnel performing this type of work are presented.The MR research reactor at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute is being decommissioned. During its period of operation the reactor was equipped with nine loop facilities for conducting a series of tests and investigations of different types of fuel elements, fuel, and structural materials. These facilities made it possible to study the thermophysical, hydrodynamic, and strength characteristics of elements of the core and the primary equipment of power reactor setups intended for different purposes under conditions as close as possible to natural. Its power together with the loop facilities reached 50 MW [1,2].The equipment of the loop facilities was placed in the basement rooms of the MR reactor building and was highly contaminated -the equivalent dose rate in individual rooms reached 20 mSv/h. In 2013-2014, the equipment in all nine loop facilities was disassembled and about 47 rooms were emptied of equipment [3]. The disassembly of the equipment made it possible to reduce the equivalent dose rate in rooms from 5-20 to 0.01-0.03 mSv/h. The in-vessel facilities of MR were disassembled in 2014.Aside from this, high-activity elements of the reactor and beryllium blocks were removed from the cool-down pool. The beryllium blocks, being structural elements of the core, and the graphite blocks, playing the role of the refl ector of the reactor, were also extracted, packed in cases or containers and removed, one part to a consolidation center and another to the high-level waste repository and subsequent shipments into long-term storage.More than 800 tons of MR equipment were dismantled in 2011-2014. Of this, more than 600 tons were radioactive wastes with total activity ~20 TBq. About 160 channels of the loop facilities and ~300 beryllium and graphite blocks with total 60 Co and 137 Cs activity ~55 TBq were removed from the reactor pool and fragmented. The high-level parts of the channels and blocks were packed in cases and placed in storage for cool-down; the medium-and low-level wastes were loaded into NZK-150-1.5P and KRAD containers and place in long-term storage at the Scientifi c-Industrial Association Radon. About 3000 m 3 of solid and 5000 m 3 liquid radwastes were removed from the territory; the total activity of the removed wastes reached 80 TBq.Remote controlled machines (Brokk Co., Sweden) were used to dismantle the equipment and handle the wastes. The intensely radiating parts w...

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Preparations for decommissioning the MR research reactor at the Russian Science Center Kurchatov institute

et al. 2008

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The preparations of the MP research loop reactor for decommissioning are described. After final shutdown in 1993, a system of measures to ensure the required level of nuclear and radiation safety for the complex was implemented and a concept and fundamental program for decommissioning the reactor were developed. The variant DECON was taken as the base variant for decommissioning -immediate staged disassembly of structures and equipment, including disassembly of in-vessel structures of the RFT predecessor reactor which are stored in a central room of the reactor. The main results of the work performed to normalize the radiation conditions in the central room and to examine the safety-and-control system repository in this room are presented.The experimental reactor base at the Russian Science Center Kurchatov Institute consisted of 12 research facilities with different types of reactors, 19 critical benches, and other radiation-hazardous objects, including "hot" laboratories, irradiation facilities, and temporary repositories for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes. Six of these reactor facilities continue to operate. The other six had been shut down for decommissioning and have been partially or completely disassembled ( Table 1). The greatest work to be done in decommissioning the reactors at the Kurchatov Institute which have been shut down is for the multipurpose, materials research, MR loop reactor [1].Characteristic Features of the Structure and Arrangement of the Reactor. The reactor was developed and built in 1962-1963 and reached the nominal power level 20 MW in 1964. Structurally, this was the first research reactor of a new type -a channel reactor immersed in a pool with water (Fig. 1). The 1 m high core together with the working and experimental channels, pipelines for dispensing the coolant, collectors, and other metal structures are placed in a distillate-filled pool more than 9 m deep and surrounded by concrete radiation shielding.The reactor is equipped with nine loop facilities for conducting tests and investigations of the fuel elements, the fuel, and the structural materials. These loop facilities make it possible to determine the thermophysical, hydrodynamic, and strength characteristics of the core and main equipment of power reactor facilities, designed for different purposes, under conditions approximating the actual working conditions as closely as possible (Table 2). In 1967, after reconstruction, the power of the reactor together with the circuit facilities was increased to 50 MW.

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Decommissioning of nuclear and radiation-hazardous objects of the russian science center “Kurchatov Institute”

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Sustainable Decommissioning Strategies for Nuclear Power Plants: A Systematic Literature Review

Sustainable Decommissioning Strategies for Nuclear Power Plants: A Systematic Literature Review

Dismantling of MR-Reactor IN-Vessel Setups

Preparations for decommissioning the MR research reactor at the Russian Science Center Kurchatov institute

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