Decomposition of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Soil and Liquid Media

Newman, A. S.; Thomas, J. R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1950.036159950014000c0035x

Cited by 36 publications

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“…Cross-adaptation would imply the ability of a compound to induce the appropriate microbial response (e.g., enzyme production) in the absence of large quantities of previous substrate. Cross-adaptations for enhanced degradation have also been reported within the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide class (Newman and Thomas, 1949;Audus, 1951;Kirkland and Fryer, 1972) and within the thiocarbamate herbicide class (Wilson, 1984;Skipper et al, 1986;Harvey et al, 1986). This is in contrast to the lack of cross-adaptations associated with enhanced degradation within the organophosphorus insecticide class as expressed in soil (Sethunathan and Pathak, 1972;Forrest et al, 1981;Racke and Coats, 1988;Read, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pesticide catabolism by adapted soil microorganisms is microbially beneficial in that the pesticide or a hydrolysis product serves as a microbial carbon, energy, or nutrient source (Fournier et al, 1981;Karns et al, 1986;Racke and Coats, 1987;Tam et al, 1987). Enhanced degradation has been reported for a number of insecticides (Sethunathan and Pathak, 1972;Felsot et al, 1981;Read, 1983Read, ,1987Racke and Coats, 19871, herbicides (Newman and Thomas, 1949;Audus, 1951;Kirkland and Fryer, 1972;Wilson, 1984;Gray and Joo, 1985;Skipper et al, 1986), and fungicides (Walker et al, 1986;Yarden et al, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enhanced degradation and the comparative fate of carbamate insecticides in soil

Racke¹,

Coats²

1988

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Laboratory experiments investigated the comparative degradation of five carbamate insecticides in soil as affected by enhanced microbial degradation. Soils with prior field exposure to carbofuran, cloethocarb, or several carbamates contained adapted microbial populations capable of rapidly degrading carbofuran. Bendiocarb was rapidly degraded in all soils displaying enhanced carbofuran degradation, but carbaryl and cloethocarb were most rapidly degraded only in soil with prior exposure to several carbamates or to cloethocarb. The persistence of aldicarb and its oxidative metabolites aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone was not dramatically altered in soils with enhanced carbofuran degradation. Results indicate that although cross-adaptations for enhanced degradation exist within the carbamate insecticide class, structural similarity may play a role in modifying the expression of enhanced degradation in soil.Enhanced degradation is the phenomenon whereby a soil-applied pesticide is rapidly degraded by a population of microorganisms that has adapted because of previous exposure to it or a similar pesticide. The result of this enhanced degradation may be a failure of the pesticide to adequately control the target pest due to dramatically decreased persistence (Felsot et al., 1982;Harvey et al., 1986). Pesticide catabolism by adapted soil microorganisms is microbially beneficial in that the pesticide or a hydrolysis product serves as a microbial carbon, energy, or nutrient source (Fournier et al., 1981; Karns et al., 1986;Racke and Coats, 1987;Tam et al., 1987). Enhanced degradation has been reported for a number of insecticides

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced degradation and the comparative fate of carbamate insecticides in soil

Racke¹,

Coats²

1988

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…This phenomenon was first reported by NEWMAN and THOMAS (1950), who found that pretreatment of a field soil with 20 lb./acre of 2,4-D resulted in the rapid detoxication of ten p.p.m. of 2,4-D applied the following year to samples from the treated soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The possible importance of transfer factors in the bacterial degradation of herbicides in natural ecosystems

Waid

1972

Residue Reviews

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“…It has been shown that the biological factor is responsible for the inactivation and gradual disappearance of 2,4-D in soil (Audus, 1949(Audus, , 1951Jensen & Petersen, 1952;Newman & Thomas, 1949;Norman, 1950;Rogoff, 1952). Enrichment techniques employed to isolate 2,4-D degrading microorganism present in the soil sample yielded a pure culture of the type Bacterium globiforme (Audus, 1949(Audus, , 1951.…”

Section: Degradation Via 24-dichlorophenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Insight into the enzymes and catabolic genes involved, their regulation and biotechnological implications

Kumar

Trefault

Olaniran

2014

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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A considerable progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). 2,4-D biodegradation pathway has been elucidated in many microorganisms including Cupriavidus necator JMP134 (previously known as Wautersia eutropha, Ralstonia eutropha and Alcaligenes eutrophus) and Pseudomonas strains. It generally involves the side chain removal of 2,4-D by α-ketoglutarate-dependent 2,4-D dioxygenase (tfdA) to form 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP); hydroxylation of 2,4-DCP by 2,4-DCP hydroxylase (tfdB) to form dichlorocatechol; ortho or meta cleavage of dichlorocatechol by chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC) to form 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate; conversion of 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate to 2-chlorodienelactone by chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD); conversion of 2-chlorodienelactone to 2-chloromaleylacetate by chlorodienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) and, finally, conversion of 2-chloromaleylacetate to 3-oxoadepate via maleylacetate by chloromaleylacetate reductase and maleylacetate reductase (tfdF), respectively, which is funnelled to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The latest review on microbial breakdown of 2,4-D, other halogenated aromatic pesticides, and related compounds was compiled by Haggblom, however, a considerable progress has been made in this area of research since then. Thus, this review focuses on the recent advancement on 2,4-D biodegradation, the enzymes, and genes involved and their biotechlogical implications.

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Decomposition of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Soil and Liquid Media

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Enhanced degradation and the comparative fate of carbamate insecticides in soil

Enhanced degradation and the comparative fate of carbamate insecticides in soil

The possible importance of transfer factors in the bacterial degradation of herbicides in natural ecosystems

Microbial degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Insight into the enzymes and catabolic genes involved, their regulation and biotechnological implications

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