Decomposition of APS and H 2 O 2 for emulsion polymerisation

Schneider, Martin; Graillat, C.; Boutti, Salima; McKenna, Timothy F. L.

doi:10.1007/s289-001-8181-2

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…for APS at 70 8C [8] ], and I is the concentration of initiator in the water phase (mol Á L À1 pure water -N.B. all concentrations are given as mol or g per kg or litre of latex unless otherwise mentioned).…”

Section: Interactions Between Surfactant and Initiator Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…À4 mol/h/kg for a concentration of APS equal to 0.1 wt.-% in water using the value of k d proposed by Schneider et al [8] The flow rate of AscA was adjusted in order to have similar theoretical radical flux for all the experiments, regardless of the type of initiator. [8] A first series of batch experiments was carried out by varying the weight fraction of TA for either of the initiator systems.…”

Section: Interactions Between Surfactant and Initiator Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] A first series of batch experiments was carried out by varying the weight fraction of TA for either of the initiator systems. The final PSDs are monodispersed according to the Malvern Autosizer Lo-C (polydispersity index 0.1) for all of the runs presented.…”

Section: Interactions Between Surfactant and Initiator Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radical flux for the redox system H 2 O 2 /AscA is mainly controlled by the presence of AscA, [8] however, little information is available on how the different means of addition of one component to the other influence the polymerisation. It was, therefore, decided to study the influence of the radical flux by changing the concentration of the solution of AscA added to the HPO, and the way in which it was added.…”

Section: Influence Of the Radical Flux With The Redox Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Schneider et al [8] showed that injecting quantities of AscA into a latex containing HPO lead to an extremely rapid decomposition period of at most a few minutes, followed by a much slower period of decomposition. While the mechanism for this is not entirely clear (very little information on HPO/AscA decomposition is published, and what is comes from the life sciences field [9] ), the decomposition rate is obviously not of the first order in either of the components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Surfactant and Initiator Types in Emulsion Polymerisations: A Comparison of Ammonium Persulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide

Boutti

Zafra

Graillat

et al. 2005

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: In emulsion polymerisation all the components of the system have an influence on the nucleation mechanisms and colloidal stability, and therefore on the final particle size distribution (PSD). The impact of the nature of the initiator (charged radicals and electrically neutral radicals) and its interaction with the composition of the surfactant system and the radical flux on dp is studied in this paper. It was demonstrated that the influence of the nature of initiator on dp depends on the composition of the surfactant system. No influence of the nature of the initiator on Np (number of particles per litre) or the rate of reaction could be discerned when even trace amounts of anionic surfactant were present. But for surfactant‐free reactions or when non‐ionic surfactant (TN) was used as sole stabiliser, it was not possible to produce stable latex using electrically neutral radicals (in this case, hydroxyl radicals). Finally, the order of the semi‐continuous addition of ascorbic acid (AscA) and of hydrogen peroxide (HPO) was studied. As expected, a significant influence of the order of addition was observed in terms of the radical flux and reaction kinetics. It was demonstrated that one mole of AscA added to HPO provides more free radicals than are obtained when a mole of HPO is added to AscA.Overall conversion vs. reaction time.magnified imageOverall conversion vs. reaction time.

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Section: Interactions Between Surfactant and Initiator Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions Between Surfactant and Initiator Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions Between Surfactant and Initiator Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of the Radical Flux With The Redox Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Surfactant and Initiator Types in Emulsion Polymerisations: A Comparison of Ammonium Persulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide

Boutti

Zafra

Graillat

et al. 2005

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Resorcarenes in the Boat Conformation as Building Blocks for Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies Including Two Ammonium Cations

et al. 2001

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Crystal structures are reported for various co-crystals of rccc-resorcarenes with triethylammonium chloride. Usually, two molecules of a C2v-symmetric tetraester 2 in the boat conformation are linked through four hydrogen-bonded chloride anions to give dimeric assemblies. Two of the chloride anions may be replaced by four hydrogen-bonded ethanol molecules in an otherwise similar structure. These assemblies, which consist of six or eight components, posses voluminous, negatively charged chambers in which two triethylammionium cations, 3+, are included as guests by strong electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The host-guest N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds were clearly detected at 173 K. These are the first examples of hydrogen-bonded, solid-state capsules trapping two ions of the same charge in close proximity. In the 1:2 complex with 3+ Cl-, the molecule of the parent resorcarene 1 also adopts a boat conformation whose cavity is considerably extended by four hydrogen-bonded chloride anions. The pocket formed in this way again includes two 3+ ions as a result of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding host-guest interactions. All these structures show that the boat conformers of resorcarenes can be used as a novel motif for the construction of hydrogen-bonded assemblies capable of molecular inclusion and encapsulation.

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High solids content emulsions. II. Preparation of seed latices

Schneider¹,

Graillat²,

Guyot³

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The preparation of concentrated seed latices for use in bimodal and trimodal formulations is presented in the current work. Various recipes of surfactant and initiator were tested in order to allow us to control the number of particles produced during the nucleation stage. Following this, a semi-batch feed recipe that combined the use of oil-soluble initiators and pre-emulsified monomer was used to produce welldefined latices having well defined particle size distributions. It was found that the primary concern in maintaining latex stability and favorable viscosity was the reduction of undesirable secondary nucleation.

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Decomposition of APS and H 2 O 2 for emulsion polymerisation

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Interaction of Surfactant and Initiator Types in Emulsion Polymerisations: A Comparison of Ammonium Persulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide

Interaction of Surfactant and Initiator Types in Emulsion Polymerisations: A Comparison of Ammonium Persulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide

Resorcarenes in the Boat Conformation as Building Blocks for Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies Including Two Ammonium Cations

High solids content emulsions. II. Preparation of seed latices

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