Decomposition of B4C and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–(B,C) alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying

Chen, S.L.; Liu, W.; Geng, D. Y.; Zhao, Xiangyong; Zhang, Z.D.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.08.005

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is seen that mechanical activation causes the reflec tions from boron carbide to disappear and markedly broadens the reflections from iron (crystallite size, 17 nm). According to Chen et al [7], the disappear ance of the reflections from boron carbide after grind ing an Fe + B 4 C mixture is attributable to the forma tion of X ray amorphous iron borides and carbides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced reactions in layers of B4C + Fe and B + C + Fe mixtures on a steel substrate

et al. 2013

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We have studied laser induced processes in layers of mixtures of boron carbide and iron or a sto ichiometric mixture of boron with carbon (4 : 1) and iron on a steel substrate. Laser processing was found to increase the microhardness of the surface owing to the formation of a coating containing iron boride phases: Fe 2 B and Fe 3 B. After preliminary mechanical activation of boron carbide and iron mixtures, even the lowest laser power used in the experiments was enough to initiate the formation of iron borides.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced reactions in layers of B4C + Fe and B + C + Fe mixtures on a steel substrate

et al. 2013

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“…Hence, data was gathered for the making of elemental iron from Oeters and Ottrow (2012), and Schlesinger and Paunovic (2010), as this was not available in Ecoinvent version 3 (Weidema et al 2013) (see Table 1 (a)). Boron carbide was chosen as the source of boron, based on Chen et al (2006).…”

Section: Fabrication Of Magnetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable life cycle inventory of an electrical automotive traction machine—Part II: manufacturing processes

Lundmark

Tillman

2017

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose A scalable life cycle inventory (LCI) model of a permanent magnet electrical machine, containing both design and production data, has been established. The purpose is to contribute with new and easy to use data for life cycle assessment (LCA) of electric vehicles by providing a scalable mass estimation and manufacturing inventory for a typical electrical automotive traction machine. The aim of this article (part II of two publications) is to present the manufacturing data with associated collection procedures, from material constituents to complete motor. Another objective is to explain the gate-to-gate system boundaries and the principles for linking the LCI model upstream, to database data, in order to create a full cradle-to-gate dataset. Methods Data for design and production of electrical machines has been compiled from books, scientific papers, benchmarking literature, expert interviews, various specifications, factory records, and a factory site visit. For the manufacturing part, new primary data was collected directly from industry, with a motor factory and a steel mill in Sweden as main contributors, and from technical literature. Other LCA publications were used, if presented in sufficient detail to be disaggregated and revised, to match the gaps of the model. The data represents the current level of technology and targets high-volume manufacturing to the largest extent possible. Also, flows crossing the system boundary have a recommended link to Ecoinvent data, or a request for an attentive selection of input data, depending on the user's object of study. A distinction was made between the regular and an extended system boundary, wherein the processing of some smaller subparts was accounted for through proposals of ready-made Ecoinvent activities for production efforts. Results and discussion An extensive new dataset representing electrical machine manufacturing is presented, and, together with the estimation of motor mass and configuration of article part I, it forms a comprehensive scalable LCI model of a typical automotive electric traction motor. New production data includes a complete motor factory, electrical steel production, and the fabrication of a neodymium-dysprosium-iron-boron (Nd(Dy)FeB) magnet. In addition, smaller, new datasets cover the composition of silicon steel, the making of electrolytic iron, enameling of copper wire, and die casting of aluminum. Conclusions Successful data generation required Bdata building^from multiple sources and access to expert support. Transparent, well-explained, and disaggregated data records were found to be crucial for LCA data validation and usefulness. PreambleThis series of two articles presents a new scalable life cycle inventory (LCI) data model of an electrical automotive traction machine, available to download from the CPM database of the Swedish Life Cycle Center. Part I describes how the LCI model was established and the type of results it provides, including the underlying permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) design an...

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“…Chen et al investigated the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets synthesized using B 4 C precursor, while Sui et al and Kou et al studied the effect of C substitution for B in these systems. [22][23][24][25] Another two very expensive precursors are Ta and Hf. Similar to Nb, both Ta and Hf are normally used in soft magnetic nanocomposites as growth inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of alloy substituents on soft magnetic properties and economics of Fe-based and Co-based alloys

2015

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Amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys have garnered interests in academia and industry due to their potentials for applications, such as power transformers, electric motors, and sensors. To achieve good glass formability, thermal stability, and prevent grain overgrowth, elements such as B, Nb, Ta, and Hf are used in many soft magnetic systems. However, the high price of these precursors results in expensive soft magnetic alloys. Herein, we report on substituting Ta and Hf with TaC and HfC, respectively, to significantly reduce the cost of Fe-based FINEMET and Co-based HTX005 alloys. Soft magnetic properties of these alloys are studied. The effect of thermal annealing and strain annealing on TaC and HfC substituted alloys are also investigated. Lastly, we discuss the cost analysis on these alloys. Using the synthesis route presented here, a cost reduction of up to 74% can be achieved.

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Decomposition of B4C and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–(B,C) alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Laser-induced reactions in layers of B4C + Fe and B + C + Fe mixtures on a steel substrate

Laser-induced reactions in layers of B4C + Fe and B + C + Fe mixtures on a steel substrate

A scalable life cycle inventory of an electrical automotive traction machine—Part II: manufacturing processes

Effect of alloy substituents on soft magnetic properties and economics of Fe-based and Co-based alloys

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