Decomposition of Intumescent Coatings: Comparison between a Numerical Method and Experimental Results

Mesquita, L.M.R.; Piloto, P.A.G.; Vaz, Mário; Pinto, Tiago

doi:10.14311/1095

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To investigate the expansion behavior of the waterborne coating, steel plates with the dimensions of 25 Â 25 Â 0.7 mm were used. In contrast to Mesquita et al (2009) and Zhang et al (2012), the thickness of the steel plates was minimized to the lowest limit. In this way, the effect of thermal inertia was reduced so that the heating behavior of the sample was primarily dominated by the chosen temperature-time curves.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model for the fire protection performance and the design of intumescent coatings on structural steel exposed to natural fires

Weisheim

Schaumann

Sander³

et al. 2019

JSFE

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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the experimental and numerical investigations of the fire protection performance of a waterborne intumescent coating (IC) on structural steel in case of natural fires. Based on own small-scale laboratory tests, an advanced numerical model is developed to simulate the fire protection performance of the investigated coating in case of arbitrary fire scenarios. The insulation efficiency of the coating is described within the model by temperature and heating rate-dependent material properties, such as expansion factors, thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The results of the numerical model are compared to own large-scale fire tests of an unloaded I-section beam and column. Design/methodology/approach As natural fires can show arbitrary regimes, the material properties of the waterborne IC are investigated for various heating rates. Based on these investigations, a material model for the IC is implemented in the finite element program ABAQUS. With the help of user subroutines, the material properties of the coating are introduced for both the heating and cooling phase of natural fires, allowing for two- and three-dimensional thermomechanical analyses of coated steel elements. Findings The results of the performed small-scale laboratory tests show a heating rate-dependent behavior of the investigated coating. The mass loss as well as the expansion of the coating change with the heating rate. Moreover, the material properties obtained on small scale are valid for large scale. Therefore, a material model could be developed that is suitable to reproduce the results of the large-scale fire tests. Additionally, with the help of the numerical model, a dimensioning approach for the dry film thickness (DFT) of the investigated coating is derived for arbitrary natural fires. Research limitations/implications The material properties presented in this paper are only valid for the investigated waterborne IC and the parameter area that was chosen. However, the developed modeling approach for the fire protection performance of ICs is general and can be applied for every coating that is part of the intumescent product family. Originality/value Until now, only few research works have been carried out on the fire protection performance of ICs under non-standard fire exposure. This paper deals extensively with the material properties and the material modeling of a waterborne IC exposed to natural fires. Especially, the laboratory examinations and the numerical simulations are unique and allow for new evaluation possibilities of ICs.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model for the fire protection performance and the design of intumescent coatings on structural steel exposed to natural fires

Weisheim

Schaumann

Sander³

et al. 2019

JSFE

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“…The inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) comprises measurements of the internal or surface temperature of a heat conduction system and a subsequent numerical determination of the unknown thermal boundary conditions [1], initial temperature distribution [2], thermo-physical properties [3], boundary shape [4], internal heat sources [5] or the thermal contact conductance (TCC). Nowadays, the IHCP is useful in many engineering applications such as metallurgy [6], material processing [7], non-destructive testing [8], geometry optimization [9], nuclear physics [10], power engineering [11], manufacturing engineering [12], chemical engineering [13], nanotechnology [14], bioengineering [15], aerospace engineering [16], etc. The IHCP methodology frequently remains interchangeable between different application fields regardless of the unknown parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Inverse Heat Conduction Problem in OpenFOAM

et al. 2021

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The solution of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) is commonly found with the sequential algorithm known as the function specification method with explicit updating formulas and sensitivity coefficients of heat flux. This paper presents a different approach namely a direct mathematical optimization of minimizing the least squares norm between experimental data and simulation. A CFD open-source code OpenFOAM is used together with NLOPT and DLIB optimization libraries. To guarantee credibility of the simulation tool developed herein, real experimental data is used from spray cooling of a fast-moving hot steel plate. As the IHCP is inherently an ill-posed problem, the proposed sequential algorithm is stabilized using future time stepping and thereof the optimal number is explained. An assumption about the profile of thermal boundary condition during future steps must be made. It is shown that assuming a linear change of the heat transfer coefficient during each sequence of future time steps yields more accurate results than setting a constant value. For the problem size considered with less than 10k cells, the preconditioned conjugate gradient (FDIC) linear solver converges faster than the multigrid solver (GAMG). However, the latter performs better as the accuracy is concerned. Concerning the best choice of minimizer, the BOBYQA algorithm (quadratic approximation) is found superior to other methods. The proposed IHCP solver is compared with the well-established one.

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“…Various authors have studied intumescent paint reactions through different approaches and techniques. Mezquita et al (2007Mezquita et al ( , 2009 showed that the effectiveness of the paint depends on the thickness of its initial layer, offering a simplified method to determine the profile temperatures. Zhang et al (2012) and Li et al (2011) conducted similar studies along the same lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the thickness of intumescent paint in the position of steels (fire safety)

García

Biezma

Cuadrado

et al. 2017

IJSI

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyze a new structural design applied in industrial frames using two type of steels (S275 and fire resistant (FR)) with different mechanical resistance against fire. To do it, the authors have taken into account variables such as intrinsic metallic design, span length, intumescent paint thickness, and fire time exposure, which offers information about new scenarios of design in industry. Design/methodology/approach -The key methodology followed has taken into account a modeling program that uses the following variables: 25 and 35 m of span, 45 and 60 fire exposure times, and seven different intumescent paint thickness. An optimum structural design has been evaluated by discretization of each scenario with the particular type of steel, S275 and FR. The obtained approach could be a good guideline for future designs. Findings -The results and analysis have shown a very good and valid idea of a new structural typology using optimum intumescent paint thickness into the final design of the industrial frame considering that it has two different types of steel. It is in realty a handicap since usually mechanical engineers employ structural steel without paying attention to this new feature. Practical implications -Cheaper structural designs could be obtained using the two different types of steel considering the proper positioning into the full building. Originality/value -The validity of design of two types of steel plus intumescent paint in building construction has been shown, and this study will encourage designers to use it, in particular in buildings with high fire risk.

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Decomposition of Intumescent Coatings: Comparison between a Numerical Method and Experimental Results

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Numerical model for the fire protection performance and the design of intumescent coatings on structural steel exposed to natural fires

Numerical model for the fire protection performance and the design of intumescent coatings on structural steel exposed to natural fires

Sequential Inverse Heat Conduction Problem in OpenFOAM

Influence of the thickness of intumescent paint in the position of steels (fire safety)

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