Decomposition of Pt–Ru anode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells

Comparison of the stabilities and activities of Pt–Ru/C and Pt3–Sn/C electrocatalysts synthesized by the polyol method for methanol electro-oxidation reaction

“…The dissolution of catalysts under an electrochemical condition is one of the major causes for the change in the electrochemical surface characteristics and the consequent performance deterioration [4,[6][7][8]. Accordingly, the concentrations of the dissolved metal ions in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte during the ADT were estimated and compared using ICP-OES.…”

“…However, technological barriers still exist that hamper their commercialization. Among the technological challenges, the long-term durability of the DMFC systems is one of the most important issues that need to be addressed [3,4]. The durability of DMFC is largely limited by the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), which in turn is strongly affected by the durability of the electrocatalysts because the supported nanoparticle electrocatalysts under the fuel cell operating conditions undergo dissolution and particle aggregation that lead to deterioration of the long-term performance.…”

Effect of gas composition on Ru dissolution and crossover in polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells

“…doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.028 mode, namely Ru crossover, which has been previously identified in DMFC in various studies [22][23][24][25][26]. The impacts of Ru contamination on oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics have also been previously documented [22][23][24][25]. For instance, Gancs et al has observed an 8-fold decrease in ORR kinetics with less than 20% Ru coverage [24].…”

“…Even though more desirable performance can be achieved compared to Pt, the use of Ru-containing catalysts brings forth a major catalyst degradation 0378-7753/$ -see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.028 mode, namely Ru crossover, which has been previously identified in DMFC in various studies [22][23][24][25][26]. The impacts of Ru contamination on oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics have also been previously documented [22][23][24][25].…”

The use of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy in applied fuel cell research

“…Less noble metals, which are often applied as co-catalysts, e.g. Ru in the anode, are expected to show even less stability during long-term operation [10,11].…”