Decomposition of Water Hyacinth in Agricultural Drainage Water

Reddy, K. R.; Sacco, Phillip

doi:10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000020022x

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…During summer months, flooding (a common practice used by the farmers in summer) resulted in low NO3-levels of drainage water, primarily due to dentrification. During the winter months, fertilizer application and dieoff of waterhyacinths in the drainage canals increased the NH4 + levels of the drainage water (Reddy and Sacco 1981). During the summer months, NH4 + accumlation occurred in the organic soils as a result of flooding and …”

Section: O~-: Large Single Flooded Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ortho-P and total P concentration of the drainage water were closely related to rainfall. Ortho-P accounted for about 70 to 80% of the total P: High ortho-P levels during summer months were due to leaching from the flooded organic soils and release from dead hyacinth plants (Reddy and Sacco 1981). Anaerobic conditions in organic soils were shown to increase the soluble P concentration (Reddy and Graetz 1981).…”

Section: ~I :~mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ornes and Sutton (1975) and Dunigan and others (1975) also observed poor efficiency of waterhyacinth plants in ortho-P removal from the wastewaters. Another probable reason for high ortho-P concentration of the water with an overlying dense cover ofwaterhyacinth was the release of soluble ortho-P from the dead plant parts of E/chh0rn/a (Reddy and Sacco 1981). Ortho-P removal in the reservoirs stocked with elodea was probably due to adsorption and precipitation reactions and uptake by elodea.…”

Section: Associated Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Reddy

Sacco

Graetz

et al. 1982

Environmental Management

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/ Potential use of reservoirs and flooded fields stocked with aquatic plants for reduction of the nutrient levels of organic soil drainage water was evaluated. The treatment systems include 1) a large single reservoir (R1) stocked with waterhyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes), elodea ( Egeria densa), and cattails ( Typha sp.) in series; 2) three small reservoirs in series with waterhyacinth (R2), elodea (R3), and cattails (R4), grown in independent reservoirs; 3) a control reservoir (R5) with no cultivated plants; 4) a large single flooded field planted to cattails; 5) three small flooded fields in a series planted to cattails; and 6) a flooded field with no cultivated plants. Drainage water was pumped daily (6 hours a day, and 6 days a week) into these systems for a period of 27 months at predetermined constant flow rates. Water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of each treatment system and analyzed for N and P forms.The series of reservoirs stocked with aquatic plants functioned effectively in the removal of N and P from agricultural drainage water, compared to a single large reservoir. Allowing the water to flow th rough the reservoir stocked with waterhyacinth plants with a residence time of 3.6 days was adequate to remove about 50% of the incoming inorganic N. Allowing the water to flow through a series of two small reservoirs, R2 and R3, with a residence time of 7.3 days was necessary to remove about 60% of the incoming ortho-P. Flooded fields were effective in the removal of inorganic N, but showed poor efficiency in the removal of ortho-P.

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Section: O~-: Large Single Flooded Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ~I :~mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Associated Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Reddy

Sacco

Graetz

et al. 1982

Environmental Management

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“…Bacteria are predominant degraders during the phase of microbial decay, while rates of fungal decomposition are negligible . Release and transformations of nutrients are significantly affected by 02 concentration of water (Reddy & Sacco, 1981) . These studies have used mature water hyacinth litter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of young water hyacinth leaves in lake water

1996

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Rates of weight loss and release of nutrients during different phases of decomposition in young water hyacinth leaves were determined under laboratory conditions . The leaves decomposed solely by physical leaching during the initial 4-day phase and later by microbial processes . The largest part of weight loss and nutrient release by physical leaching took place within the first 4 h of incubation and thereafter the decomposition rate declined . Microbial processes decayed leaves at a significantly higher rate than that by physical leaching . The overall decay rate constants were related inversely and the release of nutrients directly to the levels of leaf additions in the lake water. The dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients were released chiefly by abiotic processes during the initial as well as later phases of decay . The release was significantly higher during the initial phase in comparison with that during the later phase. Microbes utilized only a small amount of nutrients that were released during decomposition of water hyacinth leaves . The % release of various elements from the decaying leaves was in the order of K > P > C>Na>N .

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“…Williams & Junk (1976) used a litter bag method with dried whole plants in their experiment and found more than 45% dry weight loss within the first week. Some other researchers (Almazan & Boyd, 1978;Reddy & Sacco, 1981) used powdered plant material to study the decomposition under different conditions. But decomposition and nutrient release from different parts of the water hyacinth plant have not been studied in detail in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition and mineralization of Eichhornia crassipes litter under aerobic conditions with and without bacteria

Gamage

Asaeda

2005

Hydrobiologia

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The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) plants in lakes and reservoirs have gained considerable attention in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world due to its rapid growth. The amount of nutrients released from the dead plant materials is of particular interest. Thus, decomposition of water hyacinth plant parts under aerobic conditions was studied in the laboratory. Roots, petioles, and leaves of water hyacinth were enclosed separately in one litre polypropylene bottles which contained 500 ml of lake water. To study the influence of bacteria on the decomposition, antibiotics were added to half of the bottles. We observed that decomposition of leaves and petioles without antibiotics were relatively rapid through day 61, with almost 92.7 and 97.3% of the dry mass removed, respectively. Weight loss due to bacterial activities during 94 days decomposition was 22.6, 3.9, and 30.5% from leaf, petiole, and root litter. Decomposition of litter in lake water indicated that after 94 days 0.6, 0, and 0.6 g m )2 of leaf, petiole, and root N was dissolved in leachate, while 23.1, 14.4, and 6.0 g m )2 of leaf, petiole, and root N was either volatilized or remained as particulate organic N. Moreover, 0.2, 0, and 0.1 g m )2 of leaf, petiole, and root P remained dissolved in the leachate, while 3.1, 3.4, and 1.1 g m )2 of leaf, petiole, and root P was either precipitated or remained as particulate organic P. The carbon dynamics during the decomposition indicated that 7.4, 28.8, and 3.7 g m )2 of leaf, petiole, and root C remained dissolved in the leachate after 94 days while 228.0, 197.6, and 107.4 g m )2 of leaf, petiole, and root C was either diffused or remained as particulate organic C. These findings are useful for quantifying the nutrient cycles of very shallow lakes with water hyacinth under aerobic water environment. Further examination of the fate of the plant litter as it moves down in deep anaerobic water environment, is necessary to understand the leaching process better.

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Decomposition of Water Hyacinth in Agricultural Drainage Water

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Decomposition of young water hyacinth leaves in lake water

Decomposition and mineralization of Eichhornia crassipes litter under aerobic conditions with and without bacteria

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