Decomposition of Wheat Straw and Stabilization of Microbial Products

Voroney, R. P.; Paul, E. A.; Anderson, Daniel W.

doi:10.4141/cjss89-007

Cited by 149 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Based on estimates of crop residue inputs and conversion to SOC calculated using appropriate terms in the equation of Campbell et al (2000a,b;2001), approximately 80% of the higher SOC levels in the W and FWW treatments could be accounted for by the input and retention of crop residue C (Table 4). The equation of Campbell et al (2000a,b;2001) utilized coefficients of decomposition for wheat straw determined by Voroney et al (1989) in a clay soil and, thus, may have underestimated decomposition rates slightly in this study (Voroney et al 1989). Losses of SOC due to erosion were considered negligible at this site due to the use of minimum tillage practices.…”

Section: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term impact of fallow frequency and perennial grass on soil organic carbon in a Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta

Bremer¹,

Janzen²,

McKenzie³

2002

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. Short-term impact of fallow frequency and perennial grass on soil organic carbon in a Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: [481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488]. Maximum sequestration of atmospheric C in agricultural soils of the Canadian prairies can be achieved by the replacement of crop rotations that include summer fallow with continuous cropping or perennial forages. However, few studies have documented potential gains of soil organic C (SOC) in the region with the greatest use of fallow, the Brown soil zone. A dryland crop rotation study was initiated in 1992 on a Chin clay loam (Orthic Brown Chernozem) in southeastern Alberta on a site that had previously been under conventional irrigated cereal production. The study included fertilized and unfertilized treatments of the following crop rotations: fallow-wheat (FW), fallow-wheat-wheat (FWW), continuous wheat (W) and grass (G). The grass rotation consisted of pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum) harvested for hay. Total organic-, light fraction-and 10-wk mineralized-C and -N were determined in fall 1997, 6 yr after study initiation. Growing season precipitation (April through August) was 43% above long-term normals in the first 2 yr of this study, supporting excellent grass establishment and high crop yields, but was below normal thereafter. Fertilization with N and P increased average rotation yields by 21 to 56%, with the greatest yield increases in the G and W rotations. Total SOC to 15 cm (equivalent mass basis) was 1.5 Mg ha -1 higher (P = 0.03) in the W rotation and 3.0 Mg ha -1 higher (P = 0.0001) in the G rotation than in the FW rotation, but was not affected by fertilizer treatment or the interaction of fertilizer and crop rotation treatments. Low variability in measured SOC allowed us to detect differences as low as 1.3 Mg ha -1 among crop rotations, demonstrating that small effects of crop management on SOC can be detected using appropriate methods at uniform sites. Much of the gain in SOC in the G treatment was in mineralizable and light fraction material, indicating that this gain in SOC would be readily lost upon reversion to annual cropping. A simple calculation of residue C inputs and conversion to SOC showed that most of the gain in SOC in the W treatment was due to increased crop residue inputs, but that both increased inputs and reduced decomposition rates likely affected SOC gains in the G treatment. The average gain in SOC during the 6-yr period of this study was 0.25 Mg ha -1 yr -1 due to the elimination of fallow and 0.5 Mg ha -1 yr -1 due to establishment of a perennial forage.Key words: Soil organic matter, carbon sequestration, summer fallow, light fraction Bremer, E., Janzen, H. H. et McKenzie, R. H. 202. Incidence à court terme de la fréquence des jachères et de la culture de graminées vivaces sur la concentration en carbone organique d'un tchernoziom brun dans le sud de l'Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: 481-488. Pour séquestrer un maximum de C atmosphérique dans les sols agricoles des Prairies ...

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Section: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term impact of fallow frequency and perennial grass on soil organic carbon in a Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta

Bremer¹,

Janzen²,

McKenzie³

2002

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…The larger proportion of N released determined that the C/N ratio of the pea residue increased over time as it decomposed [90]. It was estimated that most of the C released was lost in the atmosphere in the form of CO2, and that only 20-30 % of the C from the residue contributed to increasing organic C in the soil [116]. However, this contribution is vital for the long-term maintenance of the organic matter and fertility of the soil.…”

Section: Conservation Agriculture and C And N Release For Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important is the Quality of Organic Amendments in Relation to Mineral N Availability in Soils?

et al. 2013

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Summary Wastes generated from municipal and agricultural activities have the tremendous potential for application in agriculture as a source of nutrients and as amendments to improve soil organic matter (SOM). A decline in SOM can represent a serious threat to soil fertility and quality. Nitrogen (N) mineralization from organic amendments is important for understanding the N dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. In this review, quality of the amendments such as C/N ration, N content, and biochemical compositions, etc. are discussed. Since, C/N ratio cannot explain all differences in N mineralization; emphasis has been laid on characterizing different compounds in organic amendments that govern the mineralization process. The importance of simulation models has also been described in modeling N mineralization from some complex materials like compost, animal manures and farmyard manures. These complex simulation models once modified according to the quality of the organic amendments can simulate N mineralization and thus, they can be used for simulating N dynamics in terrestrial eco-systems.

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“…For example, mineralizable N accounted for 8% (range 4 to 21%) of total N in 18 prairie soils studied by Campbell et al (1984). A k N of 0.13 is also consistent with observed declines in organic 15 N observed in two Saskatchewan soils (Voroney et al 1989). Uncertainties in assessment of soil loss impacts on labile organic N remain due to insufficient knowledge of organic N dynamics in Canadian soils, e.g., possible contribution of stable pools.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Model Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 49%

SimPLE.ca: Simulator of productivity loss due to erosion for Canada

Bremer¹,

Greer²,

Black³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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:Simulator of productivity loss due to erosion for Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 365Á376. Robust and practical estimates of the impact of soil erosion on crop productivity are essential for developing and implementing appropriate solutions for soil erosion on agricultural land. The objective of this study was to develop a simple model which captured the most important relationships between topsoil erosion and productivity loss for major agricultural regions of Canada. The model was developed for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). Using annual time steps, maximum crop yields were reduced by soil erosion due to losses in available water-holding capacity, N-mineralization potential and available P. Using minimal input data, the model accounted for 56% of the variation in relative yields (fraction of non-eroded controls) determined in field studies using desurfacing or comparison plot methods.Key words: Available N and P, model, nutrients, productivity loss, simulator, soil erosion, soil properties, yield loss Bremer, E., Greer, K. J., Black, M., Townley-Smith, L., Malhi, S. S., Izaurralde, R. C. et Larney, F. J. 2008. SimPLE.ca: un logiciel simulant la diminution de rendement re´sultant de l'e´rosion au Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 365Á376. On a absolument besoin d'estimations robustes et pratiques de l'incidence que l'e´rosion du sol a sur le rendement si l'on veut trouver des solutions convenables a`ce proble`me sur les terres agricoles et les mettre en aeuvre. L'e´tude devait conduire al 'e´laboration d'un mode`le simple qui saisirait les liens les plus importants entre l'e´rosion de la couche superficielle de sol et la diminution du rendement dans les principales zones agricoles du Canada. Le mode`le a e´te´e´labore´pour le ble´de printemps (Triticum aestivum L.) et le maı¨s (Zea mays L.). En recourant a`des intervalles de temps annuels, on se rend compte que l'e´rosion du sol re´duit le rendement maximal des cultures en abaissant la capacite´de re´tention de l'eau existante, le potentiel de mine´ralisation de l'azote et la quantite´de P disponible. Avec la saisie d'un minimum de donne´es, le mode`le re´ussit a`expliquer 56% de la variation du rendement relatif (partie des sites te´moins non e´rode´s) e´tablie lors des e´tudes sur le terrain par des techniques d'enle`vement de la surface et de comparaison des parcelles.

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Decomposition of Wheat Straw and Stabilization of Microbial Products

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

Short-term impact of fallow frequency and perennial grass on soil organic carbon in a Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta

Short-term impact of fallow frequency and perennial grass on soil organic carbon in a Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta

How Important is the Quality of Organic Amendments in Relation to Mineral N Availability in Soils?

SimPLE.ca: Simulator of productivity loss due to erosion for Canada

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