Decompression sickness (‘the bends’) in sea turtles

García-Párraga, Daniel; Crespo-Picazo, José Luís; Quirós, Yara Bernaldo de; Cervera, V.; Martí‐Bonmatí, Luis; Díaz‐Delgado, Josué; Arbelo, Manuel; Moore, Michael J.; Jepson, Paul D.; Fernández, Antonio

doi:10.3354/dao02790

Cited by 91 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…That study also demonstrated that the gas bubbles were mainly composed of nitrogen, reinforcing the decompression hypothesis proposed by Moore et al (2009). Decompression sickness has been diagnosed in sea turtles with PUE (García-Párraga et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Discrimination between bycatch and other causes of cetacean and pinniped stranding

Quirós¹,

Hartwick²,

Rotstein³

et al. 2018

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The challenge of identifying cause of death in discarded bycaught marine mammals stems from a combination of the non-specific nature of the lesions of drowning, the complex physiologic adaptations unique to breath-holding marine mammals, lack of case histories, and the diverse nature of fishing gear. While no pathognomonic lesions are recognized, signs of acute external entanglement, bulging or reddened eyes, recently ingested gastric contents, pulmonary changes, and decompression-associated gas bubbles have been identified in the condition of peracute underwater entrapment (PUE) syndrome in previous studies of marine mammals. We reviewed the gross necropsy and histopathology reports of 36 cetaceans and pinnipeds including 20 directly observed bycaught and 16 live stranded animals that were euthanized between 2005 and 2011 for lesions consistent with PUE. We identified 5 criteria which present at significantly higher rates in bycaught marine mammals: external signs of acute entanglement, red or bulging eyes, recently ingested gastric contents, multi-organ congestion, and disseminated gas bubbles detected grossly during the necropsy and histologically. In contrast, froth in the trachea or primary bronchi, and lung changes (i.e. wet, heavy, froth, edema, congestion, and hemorrhage) were poor indicators of PUE. This is the first study that provides insight into the different published parameters for PUE in bycatch. For regions frequently confronted by stranded marine mammals with non-specific lesions, this could potentially aid in the investigation and quantification of marine fisheries interactions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Discrimination between bycatch and other causes of cetacean and pinniped stranding

Quirós¹,

Hartwick²,

Rotstein³

et al. 2018

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Another consequence of fishing is decompression sickness (barotrauma), which has been observed in bycaught loggerhead turtles (C. caretta) which were rapidly dragged to the surface from depths of between 10 to 75 m. The living animals were comatose, hyperactive or developed progressive neurological symptoms, and some specimens were recovered dead (GARCÍA-PÁRRAGA et al, 2014). The ultrasound and post mortem examination revealed intravascular gas bubbles in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, mesentery, heart -with greater prevalence in the right atrium than the left, major vessels, and perivascular edema and hemorrhage in different tissues (GARCÍA-PÁRRAGA et al, 2014).…”

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Of Chelonia Mydas Associated With Humentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrasound and post mortem examination revealed intravascular gas bubbles in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, mesentery, heart -with greater prevalence in the right atrium than the left, major vessels, and perivascular edema and hemorrhage in different tissues (GARCÍA-PÁRRAGA et al, 2014). Although information describing decompression sickness in C. mydas is scarce, two fresh C. mydas carcasses found stranded in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, demonstrated copious bubbles in the heart and major vessels ( Figure 2D).…”

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Of Chelonia Mydas Associated With Humentioning

confidence: 99%

The green turtle Chelonia mydas as a marine and coastal environmental sentinels: anthropogenic activities and diseases

Domiciano

Domit

Bracarense

2017

SCA

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The green turtle Chelonia mydas as a marine and coastal environmental sentinels: anthropogenic activities and diseases Tartaruga-verde, Chelonia mydas, como sentinela do ambiente marinho e costeiro: atividades antrópicas e enfermidades AbstractThe green turtle Chelonia mydas is a widely distributed, slowly maturing species with a complex life cycle, using both oceanic and coastal environments. The species is exposed to different threats and is considered an environmental sentinel that indicates variation among, and the severity of hazards to marine ecosystems. This study aimed to describe both anthropogenic impacts, and infectious and parasitic diseases in C. mydas -including cases along the Brazilian coast -and implications for conservation. Bycatch is reported as the main threat to the conservation of this species, followed by debris ingestion, collisions with boats, dredging, and chronic environmental contamination. All of these impacts may directly or indirectly cause death, by facilitating contact with pathological agents and by increasing vulnerability to secondary diseases. The pathological agents associated with lesions include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. Fibropapillomatosis is an example of a chronic disease characterized by cutaneous and visceral tumors that affects mostly juvenile C. mydas worldwide and is associated with the Chelonid herpesvirus 5. The bacterias Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas fluorescens are found in the aquatic environment and among C. mydas lesions in various organs. Trematode adults and eggs of the family Spirorchiidae are also frequent in systemic cardiovascular diseases of C. mydas. The direct impacts of anthropogenic activities and diseases are synergistic and may affect the specie's health and conservation. Therefore, the monitoring and systematic diagnosing of diseases and causes of death -including necropsy, histopathology, and molecular exams -are necessary to assess a population's health, to support appropriate decisions of coastal management and to target future research topics that optimize C. mydas conservation. Key words: Bycatch. Conservation. Debris ingestion. Morbidity. Pathogenic agents. Sea turtle. ResumoA tartaruga-verde, Chelonia mydas, possui ampla distribuição geográfica, reprodução tardia e complexo ciclo de vida, habitando áreas costeiras e oceânicas. Devido a essas características, a espécie está exposta a diferentes tipos de ameaças e pode sinalizar sobre variações e a gravidade desses impactos ao longo do tempo no ecossistema, sendo considerada sentinela ambiental. Este trabalho teve por objetivo discorrer sobre relatos de atividades antrópicas impactantes e doenças infecciosas e parasitárias em C. mydas, com ênfase nas ocorrências no litoral brasileiro. A captura acidental em petrechos de pesca é uma das principais ameaças à conservação desses animais, assim como a ingestão de resíduos sólidos, colisão com embarcações, dragagens e bioacumulação de contaminantes químicos, os quais podem atuar diretament...

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“…70 Derinlere hızlı bir şekilde dalan canlının vücudunda ani basınç değişimlerine bağlı olarak gaz kabarcık-ları şekillenmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan bu duruma, ileri semptomlar görülmesi hâlinde acil müdahale gerekebilmektedir. Hayvanın yanıtsız olması veya nörolojik bulgular göstermesi, titreme, atonik veya tek ekstremiteyi çeken bir hâlde olması, pens ile sı-kıldığında deri hassasiyetinin azalmış olması gibi durumlar hastalığın tedavi gerektiren boyutta olduğunu gösterebilmektedir.…”

Section: Dekompresyon Hastaliğiunclassified

Emergency and Critical Care in Sea Turtles

Altuğ¹,

Deveci²,

Işler³

et al. 2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Deniz kaplumbağaları olarak tanımlanan yedi türün altısı, Uluslararası Doğa Koruma Birliği (IUCN) tarafından soyu tükenme tehlikesindeki türler olarak listelenmiştir. Populasyon artışının birçok bölgede istenen düzeyde olmaması ve azalma eğiliminde olması sebebiyle koruma ve kurtarma çalışmaları önem kazanmaktadır. Çeşitli sebeplerle acil müdahale ve yoğun bakım gerektiren patolojilerle sıklıkla ölüm riskiyle karşı karşıya bulunan deniz kaplumbağalarının, özellikle de dişilerin kurtarılması önem arz etmektedir. Deniz kaplumbağalarının kabuklu ve ektotermik olmaları gibi anatomik ve fizyolojik olarak bir çok hayvandan farklı özellikler göstermesi veteriner hekimlere zorluk teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada; kritik hasta ve yaralı deniz kaplumbağalarında acil müdahale ve yoğun bakım gereken durumların ve önceliğinin belirlenmesi, önemi, uygulamaların yapılışı ve dikkat edilecek noktalar hakkında bilgiler sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Muayene ve teşhis, hastanın stabilize edilmesi, tercih edilen optimal sıcaklık aralığı (TOSA), sıvı sağaltımı, oral uygulamalar, kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon uygulamaları, terapötik ajanlar, bakım, besleme, hospitalizasyon uygulamaları gibi başlıklara dair mevcut güncel tercihler derlendi. Ayırıcı tanı ve tedavi uygulamalarındaki ilkeler ve önemli noktalara değinildi. Travmatik hasarlar, hipertermi ve hipotermi, boğulma, zehirlenme, distosi, kloaka ve fallus prolapsusları, distosi, kusma, ileus, obstrüksi-yonlar, parazitler, suya batmama sorunları, pnömoni, dekompresyon hastalığı, enfeksiyöz hastalıklar ve septisemi, bakteriyel ve fungal hastalıklar gibi önemli sorunlar hakkında özlü bilgiler verildi. Bakım şartları ve rehabilitasyonda önemli püf noktaları belirtildi. Acil müdahale ve yoğun bakım gereken kritik hasta deniz kaplumbağalarında yapılması gereken uygulamalar bütüncül bir yaklaşım içerisinde derlenerek sunuldu.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Deniz kaplumbağaları; acil; yoğun bakım; derleme; caretta; chelonia A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Six of the seven species described as sea turtles were listed as endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Protection and rescue efforts are gaining importance as the population increase is not at the desired level in many regions and tends to decline. It is also important to save sea turtles, especially females, who have pathologies that require emergency and critical care caused by a variety of reasons and often at risk of death. It is challenging for veterinarians that sea turtles have unusual anatomical and physiological features such as the shell and being ectothermic. This article presents information on the medical evaluation and stabilization of critically ill and injured sea turtle patients presented to the emergency clinician. Determination and priorities, importance, implementation and points to be noted of emergency and critical care are reviewed. Current preferences for examination and diagnosis, patient stabilization, preferred optimal temperature zone (POTZ), f...

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Decompression sickness (‘the bends’) in sea turtles

Cited by 91 publications

References 59 publications

Discrimination between bycatch and other causes of cetacean and pinniped stranding

Discrimination between bycatch and other causes of cetacean and pinniped stranding

The green turtle Chelonia mydas as a marine and coastal environmental sentinels: anthropogenic activities and diseases

Emergency and Critical Care in Sea Turtles

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