Decontamination and “deconsolidation” of historical wood preservatives and wood consolidants in cultural heritage

Unger, Achim

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2012.01.015

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some of the cleaning techniques reviewed in [7] appear suitable in this case. The simplest one is the mechanical procedure using vacuum cleaners fitted with HEPA filters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that salts of alkali metals, magnesium, and zinc (especially sulfates and chlorides) were applied to wood artifacts for biocidal purpose until the advent of organic biocides [5,7]. The salt blend applied to the Aspaas wooden material contains sulfates of all the above-mentioned metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, preservation technologies applied in the past caused often subsequent problems for both the conservation and health. Well known are in this respect the health hazards arising from treatment with pesticides and the associated decontamination issues [6,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Catelli

Bănică

2016

Herit Sci

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Efflorescence and subflorescence are frequent phenomena occurring in buildings of porous inorganic materials such as bricks, stone, and concrete. Since the above phenomena have detrimental effects, they were the subject of detailed physicochemical investigations. Efflorescence on wooden material was commonly observed on collection artefacts treated with preservatives such as inorganic salts or organic pesticides. Occurrence of efflorescence in historical wooden buildings was less studied although it could cause serious conservation concerns. This paper describes an examination of chemical and mineralogical composition of salt efflorescence in wooden buildings. In situ analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was followed by investigation of plain efflorescence by infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Quantitative analysis of purified efflorescence was performed by plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion chromatography and absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, depth-profiling of characteristic ions in wood was performed. The objects of study were a series of log houses of the Sverresborg Trøndelag Folk Museum in Trondheim, Norway. It was found that the efflorescence in these buildings includes a series of metal ions, the most abundant being Al . In addition the ammonium ion is present in a large amount. The single detected anion is sulfate. Actually, the efflorescence consists of a mixture of simple and double sulfate salts of alum and Tutton's compound types. Identified Tutton's compounds are mohrite ((NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O), ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate ((NH 4 ) 2 Zn(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O)), and boussingaultite ((NH 4 ) 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O)). Among the alums, both tschermigite (NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O), and potassium alum (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O)) were detected. The composition of efflorescence suggests that the wooden material was treated with a blend of sulfate salts ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, and Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O)) for protection against fire and biological degradation. The efflorescence appeared as a consequence of water leakage through the roof that led to the dissolution of the salts contained in the wood, followed by evaporation and salt crystallization at the surface in the form of double sulfate salts. Although the occurrence of efflorescence in this case was accidental, a natural and more frequent cause of efflorescence could be the deliquescence of inorganic preservatives impregnated in the wood.

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“…Some of the cleaning techniques reviewed in [7] appear suitable in this case. The simplest one is the mechanical procedure using vacuum cleaners fitted with HEPA filters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Catelli

Bănică

2016

Herit Sci

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“…One of the most encountered problems in the preservation of wood artifacts is represented by its biodegradation. Unger [12] reviewed in 2012 the problems related to the historical use of inorganic (fluorides, fluorosilicates, metallic sulfates and chlorides, alkali arsenates or boron compounds) and organic biocides (chlorinated hydrocarbons, cyclodiene compounds, phenol derivatives, organometallic compounds or organophosphates), both on the artifacts themselves and to human health. The European standard EN 15003 [13] proposes the hot air methodology to eliminate fungal and insect attacks.…”

Section: Biocidal Materials Used For Wooden Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

2020

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Vernacular buildings are usually constructed using materials at hand, including wood, natural stone and bricks (either clay or mud bricks). All those materials are exposed to a series of environmental factors, affecting their structure and integrity. The literature review was conducted using different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink) using as keywords the historical material, "heritage" and the terms regarding the desired effect, within the envisaged time period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019). The assessment of the results was performed by manual inspection (reading the entire article) and the selection of the works to be inserted in the current review was made by evaluating the contribution to the field. This review summarizes different aspects related to the restoration and conservation of wooden and masonry elements of traditional buildings, including materials used for biocidal interventions, protection against abiotic factors, cleaning and consolidation agents. Finally, a critical discussion regarding the current limitations and future perspectives concludes the review work, envisaging the role of researchers specialized in materials science in the context of cultural heritage conservation.

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“…Die verschiedenen Ansätze rei chen von einer reinen entfernung des Oberflächenstaubes über die maskierung betroffener Bauteile (nur in Gebäuden möglich) bis zum einsatz von Laser und superkritischem Kohlendioxid (scCO 2 ), um eine Abreicherung der Wirkstof fe nicht nur oberflächennah, sondern auch in den Tiefen der materialien zu erreichen. Die Reinigung mit scCO 2 ist am vielversprechendsten, eine marktreife für die breite An wendung wurde bislang allerdings nicht erreicht [16].…”

Section: Ansätze Zur Dekontaminierungunclassified

Schadstoffe in Museen

Schieweck

2021

Chemie in nserer Zeit

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warum die luftqualität in musealen Sammlungen wichtig ist Schadstoffe in Museen alexanDRa schieWeck Was haben chemische Substanzen in der Innenraumluft mit dem Zerfall von kunst-und kulturhistorischen Sammlungen zu tun? Und warum können Museumsobjekte selbst die Quelle von gesundheitsgefährdenden Verbindungen sein? Das Themenfeld rund um konservatorisch optimale Aufbewahrungsbedingungen in Zusammenhang mit Luftfremdstoffen stellt ein spannendes und von Inter disziplinarität geprägtes Forschungsgebiet dar. Je nach Fragestellungen können neben Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern aus dem Gebiet der Konservierung und Restaurierung weitere Fachdisziplinen wie Chemie, Mikrobiologie, Archi tektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Lichtplanung, Ausstellungs gestaltung und Design eingebunden sein.

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Decontamination and “deconsolidation” of historical wood preservatives and wood consolidants in cultural heritage

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

Schadstoffe in Museen

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