Decontamination of soils containing PAHs by electroremediation: A review

Pazos, Marta; Rosales, Emílio; Alcántara, T.; Gómez, J. M. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.055

Cited by 176 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…1 One of these models, is the Jouyban-Acree model which correlates the solubility of a solute in binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures. 3 ln…”

Section: ' Solubility Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthracene (with aqueous solubility of 0.0076 mg 3 L -1 ) and phenanthrene (with aqueous solubility of 1.20 mg 3 L -1 ) are among the most commonly found PAHs in the environment. 1 Anthracene and phenanthrene are two isomeric forms of the simplest tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( Figure 1) and were used as model compounds in this work. Phenanthrene has lower molecular total energy, and it is more stable than anthracene according to ab initio studies using molecular orbital method in the gas phase.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solubility of Anthracene and Phenanthrene in Ethanol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Mixtures at Different Temperatures

Shayanfar¹,

Eghrary²,

Sardari³

et al. 2011

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Solubility of anthracene and phenanthrene in binary mixtures of ethanol þ 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at (298.2, 308.2, and 318.2) K are reported. Five numerical methods were used to predict the solubility of anthracene and phenanthrene in the studied binary solvent mixtures, and the mean relative deviation (MRD) was used as an error criterion. The MRD values for studied solvents are in acceptable range. ' INTRODUCTIONPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among environmental pollutants with very low aqueous solubility values. Anthracene (with aqueous solubility of 0.0076 mg 3 L -1 ) and phenanthrene (with aqueous solubility of 1.20 mg 3 L -1 ) are among the most commonly found PAHs in the environment. 1 Anthracene and phenanthrene are two isomeric forms of the simplest tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( Figure 1) and were used as model compounds in this work. Phenanthrene has lower molecular total energy, and it is more stable than anthracene according to ab initio studies using molecular orbital method in the gas phase. 2 Solubility alteration of chemicals is required in many industrial applications, and the solvent mixing or cosolvency is one of the most frequent and feasible methods used in the industry. Using different ratios of the solvents, a wide range of solubility for a given compound can be achieved. The next parameter which could be employed in the chemical industry is the changing temperature of the system which make a significant contribution in solubilization or crystallization of a compound. Finding an optimum solvent composition and the appropriate temperature in solubility investigations is usually obtained by trial and error which is both time-consuming and costly. ' SOLUBILITY MODELSNumerous predictive models have been introduced to replace the trial-and-error approach or at least reduce the number of required experimental data. 1 One of these models, is the Jouyban-Acree model which correlates the solubility of a solute in binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures. 3where X m,T Sat is the solute mole fraction solubility in the mixed solvents at temperature T; x 1 and x 2 are the mole fractions of solvents 1 and 2 in the absence of the solute; X 1,T Sat and X 2,T Sat denote the mole fraction solubility of the solute in monosolvents 1 and 2; and J i terms are the solvent-solvent and solute-solvent interaction coefficients. Our previous results showed that the model could be trained using the experimental data at 298.2 K and be used to predict the solubility at other temperatures of interest with acceptable error. 4 These coefficients could also be computed using a minimum number of experimental solubility data in binary solvents and then be employed to predict solubility at other solvent compositions. To provide trained versions of the model to predict the solubility in binary solvents without employing solubility data in mixed solvents, a number of attempts were made. The binary interaction terms (J terms) have been correlated with the Hildebrand solubility parameters of the sol...

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“…1 One of these models, is the Jouyban-Acree model which correlates the solubility of a solute in binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures. 3 ln…”

Section: ' Solubility Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Anthracene and Phenanthrene in Ethanol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Mixtures at Different Temperatures

Shayanfar¹,

Eghrary²,

Sardari³

et al. 2011

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…The contaminants are, in turn, removed by a variety of electrochemically occurring phenomena (water oxidation and reduction, heat transfer) and transport mechanisms-processes (electromigration, electroosmosis, and electrophoresis) which act either individually or synergistically [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of electroremediation in real contaminated sediments using a big cell, periodic voltage and innovative surfactants

Hahladakis

Latsos

Gidarakos

2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The present work focused on evaluating the electrokinetic (EK) treatment of real contaminated sediments with toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using a big laboratory EK cell, periodic voltage and recently tested non-ionic surfactants. The results indicated that the "day on-night off" application mode of voltage, in conjunction with the selected solubilising agents, favoured the overall EK process. Arsenic, nickel and chromium exhibited the highest removal percentages, obtaining 83%, 67% and 63%, respectively, while zinc and lead attained 54% and 41% at the maximum. Furthermore, in the experiments where the non-ionic surfactants were introduced in the electrolyte chambers, there was a major uniformly removal of PAHs from the entire sediment across the EK cell, indicating the high solubilisation capacity of the enhancing agents. Essentially, transport and in some cases removal of PAHs (particularly from sections adjacent to the electrolyte compartments) also occurred in the unenhanced EK run, mainly due their negative charge, their potential weak bonds to the soil matrix and to the periodic application of voltage. Maximum removal was obtained by the use of Nonidet P40 where app. 1/3 (ca. 6498 g out of 20145 g) of the total initial amount of PAHs were removed from the cell.

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“…However, attention has also focused on removing neutral contaminants by the electroosmotic flow driving force. Although EK process does not seem to be the most adapted technology to remove insoluble hydrophobic pollutants such as PAHs, recent studies demonstrated the treatment's effectiveness (Giannis et al 2009;Pazos et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous electrokinetic removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals from a sediment using mixed enhancing agents

Ammami

Benamar

Wang

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The maintenance of harbor waterways generates large amounts of dredged sediments which are often rich in coexisting organic and inorganic contaminants. Electrokinetic remediation treatments have recently been developed for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using various enhancing agents generally tested sequentially. In this study, different processing fluids were tested, alone or mixed, to improve the decontamination of aged model sediment contaminated with cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, zinc, and five PAHs. Nitric acid (NA) and citric acid (CA) were tested to avoid the formation of an alkaline front into the sediment and favor the metals removal, while an anionic surfactant [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] and a nonionic surfactant (Tween 20) were tested to solubilize and mobilize PAHs. Processing fluids were circulated under a constant voltage gradient of 1 V cm -1 for 10-14 days. NA showed an excellent potential to remove metals (76.8-99.9 % removal) and PAHs (70.3-89.7 % removal) in a single run. Besides, the mixture of Tween 20 and CA, more environmental friendly, could be considered as a relatively good processing fluid for the simultaneous removal of metals (10.3-90.8 % removal) and PAHs (53.6-61.6 % removal) from the fine-grained sediment, while SDS mixed to CA was not a good candidate for this purpose (0.1-65 % removal for metals and 34.1-41.0 % removal for PAHs).

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Decontamination of soils containing PAHs by electroremediation: A review

Cited by 176 publications

References 77 publications

Solubility of Anthracene and Phenanthrene in Ethanol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Mixtures at Different Temperatures

Solubility of Anthracene and Phenanthrene in Ethanol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Mixtures at Different Temperatures

Performance of electroremediation in real contaminated sediments using a big cell, periodic voltage and innovative surfactants

Simultaneous electrokinetic removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals from a sediment using mixed enhancing agents

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