Deconvoluting the Cells of the Human Heart with iPSC Technology: Cell Types, Protocols, and Uses

Approaches for the isolation and long-term expansion of pericytes from human and animal tissues

“…Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) derived through reprogramming somatic cells with pluripotency factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4) can be differentiated to a specific cell line, including pericytes. 3D-culture systems of iPSC-derived cardiovascular cells have provided a novel in vitro model to study the interplay among different cell types and potentially develop new personalized treatments for congenital and acquired cardiac diseases (116,(143)(144)(145).…”

“…The developmental origin of cardiac pericytes is thought to be the epicardium. Differentiation of iPSCs to epicardial cells can be achieved through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and treatment with pericyte growth factors, such as PDGF-BB ( 144 , 146 , 147 ). Szepes et al applied a mesodermal induction using BMP4, VEGFA, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with further VEGFA and TGFβ inhibition.…”

Advances in the Generation of Constructed Cardiac Tissue Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Discovery

“…Considerable effort has gone into making therapies more viable and targeted, yet much is still left to be desired [7]. Inducing pluripotency in human cells obtained through skin biopsy, blood draw, urine samples, or hair follicles [8,37], combined with CRISPR gene editing, has facilitated the rapid development of constructed cardiac tissues (CCTs) for disease modeling and Inducing pluripotency in human cells obtained through skin biopsy, blood draw, urine samples, or hair follicles [8,37], combined with CRISPR gene editing, has facilitated the rapid development of constructed cardiac tissues (CCTs) for disease modeling and therapeutic discovery [4,5,[38][39][40][41]. Here, we refer to 3D in vitro cardiac tissue platforms as CCTs, including so-called cardiac microtissues (CMTs), cardiac organoids (COs), heart-on-a-chip (HoC), and other engineered heart/cardiac tissues (EHTs/ECTs) [5,8,23,31,34,38,[42][43][44][45][46] (Figure 2).…”

“…Here, we refer to 3D in vitro cardiac tissue platforms as CCTs, including so-called cardiac microtissues (CMTs), cardiac organoids (COs), heart-on-a-chip (HoC), and other engineered heart/cardiac tissues (EHTs/ECTs) [5,8,23,31,34,38,[42][43][44][45][46] (Figure 2). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into virtually any cell type and simultaneously grow into multiple cell types (co-emergence) through controlled factor supplementation [7,24,37,39,[46][47][48][49][50], environmental signals, and cell-cell interactions [39,43,46,51]. The differentiation of iPSCs into cardiac cell types is achieved by manipulating cardiogenic signaling, including the Wnt and BMP pathways [5,8,23,32,37,47,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

From bedside to the bench: patient-specific hiPSC-EC models uncover endothelial dysfunction in genetic cardiomyopathies

“…Over the past years, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has gained increasing recognition in the modelling of these genetically-determined cardiomyopathies. The hiPSC technology indeed allows for the generation of personalized human models, which retain the genetics of the patient of origin, and in which virtually any disease-relevant cell type can be obtained in vitro ( Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006 ; Yu et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, the possibility of correcting the pathogenic mutation using CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches facilitates the identification of the genotype-phenotype correlation.…”