Deconvolution of carbon silica templated thin film using ES40 and P123 via rapid thermal processing method

Maimunawaro,; Rahman, Sazila Karina; Rampun, Erdina Lulu Atika; Rahma, Aulia; Elma, Muthia

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.195

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Silica xerogel material are obtained from various precursors, including 1,2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTESE) (Gao et al, 2017), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) (Sakai et al, 2018), TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) (Lestari R. A. et al, 2020;Wiyono, 2015) and TEVS (triethoxy vinyl silane) (Elma et al, 2015a). However, the silica material in desalination membrane is limited by low hydro-stability due to the presence of hydrophilic silanol (Si-OH) groups (Elma et al, 2020c;Elma et al, 2020e;Maimunawaro et al, 2020;Rahma et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS Xerogel by Single or Dual Organic Catalyst Addition

Sumardi¹,

Elma²,

Lestari³

et al. 2021

Valensi

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Currently, xerogel has been applied as a filtration material, especially in membrane desalination. However, the xerogel matrix structure for desalination have to be designed properly in order to allow rejection of salt and obtain good hydro-stability, thus, silica precursor in the form of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate)/TEVS (triethoxy vinyl silane) and organic acid catalyst are suitable material for fabrication. The aim of this study is therefore to fabricate and perform deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS xerogel by adding single or dual catalyst, using FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Fityk software. The xerogel was fabricated by dried silica sol and calcined using RTP technique (rapid thermal processing) at 450 °C. Prior to this fabrication, the silica sol was synthesized by sol gel method, using a mixture of silica precursor TEOS/TEVS, ethanol solvent, and varied addition of single catalyst (citric acid) as well as dual catalyst (citric acid + ammonia) for 2 hours, at 50 °C. Subsequently, the xerogel was characterized by FTIR and the deconvolution was obtained through Gaussian approach, with Fityk software. All TEOS/TEVS xerogel samples indicated existence of silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si) and silica-carbon (Si-C) functional groups. The xerogel deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS using single catalyst exhibit a peak area ratio of Si-OH/Si-O-Si, and this is similar to the dual catalyst counterpart of 0.24 (unit area) and 1.86 (unit area), for Si-C area ratio. This shows the addition of single catalyst was enough to produce deconvolution in TEOS/TEVS xerogel, dominated by siloxane functional group and carbon bonds with the ability to enhance membrane material hydro-stability’s fabrication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS Xerogel by Single or Dual Organic Catalyst Addition

Sumardi¹,

Elma²,

Lestari³

et al. 2021

Valensi

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“…A membrane modification is needed to prevent it and increases the silica strength as well (Elma Muthia et al, 2020a;Elma Muthia et al, 2020c). Several studies have been developed to improve the performance of silica membranes such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials, incorporation of metal oxides into the silica network (BP et al, 2011;Duke et al, 2007;Maimunawaro et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organo-Silica Membrane Prepared from TEOS-TEVS Modified with Organic-Acid Catalyst for Brackish Water Desalination

Elma

Lestari

Sumardi³

et al. 2021

J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung.

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The sol gel process is one of the processes used in the manufacture of thin films on membranes because it can control the pore size in the resulting silica matrix. In addition, another way to build membrane size can be done by adding catalysts and precursors to be used. In this study, using a combination of tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) and triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS) precursors and citric acid as a catalyst to produce a silica matrix with mesoporous size so that it is suitable for application in the desalination process. The organo silica membrane was calcined at 350 ° C for 1 hour using the RTP calcination technique under vacuum, thus preventing the decomposition of carbon in the silica matrix. The membrane was dipcoated 4 times to obtain 4 layers. The FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy) test was carried out to see the functional groups on xerogel, namely silanol, siloxane and carbon. In addition, the performance of this membrane is carried out by desalination through pervaporation using 0.3% NaCl feed water with variations in feed air temperature, namely 25 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃. The resulting flux of air value increased with increasing feed water temperature, namely 6.1; 11.2; and 12.1 kg.m-2h-1 while the resulting salt rejection was 99.72; 99.64 and 99.23%. So that the organo silica membrane is suitable when applied to the desalination process through pervaporation.

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“…The use of a dual acid-base catalyst is the most important key to control this pore size. Mesoporous silica gains attention because of a thermally stable and strong structure [ 13 , 14 ]. Silica has unique physiochemical properties composed of a cross-linked network structure [ 15 , 16 ] and vigorous [ 17 ] and high surface area [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various silica membrane precursors have been developed, including tetraethyl orthosilicate-(TEOS), tetra ethyl vynilsilane (TEVS), bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), [ 34 ] and ethyl silicate-40 (ES40) [ 14 , 35 ]. These precursors are mainly found in an inorganic, multipurpose chemical compound within quartz, sand, or flint [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Hybrid and Templated Silica-P123 Membranes for Brackish Water Desalination

et al. 2020

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Water scarcity is still a pressing issue in many regions. The application of membrane technology through water desalination to convert brackish to potable water is a promising technology to solve this issue. This study compared the performance of templated TEOS-P123 and ES40-P123 hybrid membranes for brackish water desalination. The membranes were prepared by the sol–gel method by employing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for the carbon-templated silica (soft template) and ethyl silicate (ES40) for the hybrid organo-silica. Both sols were templated by adding 35 wt.% of pluronic triblock copolymer (P123) as the carbon source. The silica-templated sols were dip-coated onto alumina support (four layers) and were calcined by using the RTP (rapid thermal processing) method. The prepared membranes were tested using pervaporation set up at room temperature (~25 °C) using brackish water (0.3 and 1 wt.%) as the feed. It was found that the hybrid membrane exhibited the highest specific surface area (6.72 m2·g−1), pore size (3.67 nm), and pore volume (0.45 cm3·g−1). The hybrid ES40-P123 was twice thicker (2 μm) than TEOS-P123-templated membranes (1 μm). Lastly, the hybrid ES40-P123 displayed highest water flux of 6.2 kg·m−2·h−1. Both membranes showed excellent robustness and salt rejections of >99%.

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Deconvolution of carbon silica templated thin film using ES40 and P123 via rapid thermal processing method

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS Xerogel by Single or Dual Organic Catalyst Addition

Deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS Xerogel by Single or Dual Organic Catalyst Addition

Organo-Silica Membrane Prepared from TEOS-TEVS Modified with Organic-Acid Catalyst for Brackish Water Desalination

Development of Hybrid and Templated Silica-P123 Membranes for Brackish Water Desalination

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