Deconvolution process approach in Raman spectra of DLC coating to determine the sp3 hybridization content using the ID/IG ratio in relation to the quantification determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Phosphorus-modified cobalt single-atom catalysts loaded on crosslinked carbon nanosheets for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

“…The intensity ratio of the D band to the G band ( I D / I G ) reflects the content of defects in the graphite carbon. 58 Compared to graphene (typical I D / I G value of 0.3), the I D / I G ratio of Co@CCNSs is significantly higher, representing a higher content of carbon defects. 59…”

Tailoring Mechanical Properties of a Ceramic Nanowire Aerogel with Pyrolytic Carbon for In Situ Resilience at 1400 °C

“…The Raman spectra of S 1 to S 4 samples are shown in Figure e. Several bands were observed: the D band (fixed at 1350 cm –1 ), corresponding to the vibration mode of sp 2 hybridizations activated by disturbances of the hexagonal rings of the graphite structure when there are microstructural defects, or by the introduction of sp 3 hybridizations or just the distortion of the crystal lattice of monocrystalline graphite; the G band (at 1556 cm –1 ), referring to the elongation of bonds in all pairs of sp 2 atoms located in the graphite crystal structure . Clearly, the I D /I G ratio decreases gradually as the deposition temperature increases, and the full width at half-maxima (fwhm) of the D and G bands become narrower and narrower (Figure e and Table S1), indicating an increase in the level of graphitization as the deposition temperature increases, which is consistent with the XRD pattern (Figure S3 and Table S2) and the evolution of the microstructure of PyC coatings.…”

Surface and in-depth structural changes in nuclear graphite irradiated with noble gases described with Raman imaging

“…As an example, the amorphisation of highlyoriented pyrolytic graphite under irradiation with D + and He + in temperatures up to 700 °C was investigated, indicating the temperature-dependent threshold value of fluence causing critical structural damage [12]. The step-like order dependence on fluence was also demonstrated by irradiation with a broad range of ions ( 7 Li, 9 Be, 11 B, 12 C, 31 P, 75 As), along with the temperature as the counterfactor to the amorphization [13]. Moreover, the evolution of physicochemical and functional parameters was previously analysed.…”

“…At the same time, the D band at approximately 1350 cm -1 relates to the sp 3 C-C bond with a dangling bond which might be found on the edges of the layers and neighboring defects [1]. Therefore, the D band is connected with the disorder allowing for the evaluation of the disorder from the ratio between intensities of these two bands ( 𝐼 𝐷 𝐼 𝐺 ⁄ ratio) [8,9,10]. Not only the level but also the character of the defects might be detected [11].…”