Decorating Phosphorus Anode with SnO₂ Nanoparticles To Enhance Polyphosphides Chemisorption for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Phosphorus has been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation lithium-ion battery anode materials, because of its high theoretical specific capacity and safe working potential. However, the shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics hamper its practical application. To overcome these limitations, we decorated SnO 2 nanoparticles at the surface of phosphorus using an electrostatic self-assembly method, in which SnO 2 can participate in the discharge/charge reaction, and the Li 2 O formed can chemically adsorb and suppress the shuttle of soluble polyphosphides across the separator. Additionally, the Sn/ Li−Sn alloy can enhance the electrical conductivity of the overall electrode. Meanwhile, the similar volume changes and simultaneous lithiation/delithiation process in phosphorus and SnO 2 /Sn are beneficial for avoiding additional particle damage near two-phase boundaries. Consequently, this hybrid anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of ∼1180.4 mAh g −1 after 120 cycles and superior high-rate performance with ∼78.5% capacity retention from 100 to 1000 mA g −1 .

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“…5 Liu et al used electrostatic self-assembly to modify SnO 2 nanoparticles on the phosphorus surface to avoid additional particle damage. 12 These improvements play positive roles in enhancing the conductivity, dispersion and reversible capacity of SnO 2 as anode materials. Nevertheless, simply improving the volume expansion drawback of SnO 2 still has some limitations in increasing the cycling stability of anode materials, 13 and it is necessary to consider a holistic approach to overcome the mentioned challenges.…”