Decoration of Carbon Dots on Oxygen-Vacancy-Enriched S-Scheme TiO₂ Quantum Dots/TiO₂ Oxygen Vacancies Photocatalysts: Impressive Quantum-Dot-Sized Photocatalysts for Remediation of Antibiotics, Bacteria, and Dyes

Abstract

Today, cleaning the environment using photocatalytic technology is one of the main research activities. In this study, carbon dots (C-dots) were anchored on oxygen-vacancy-enriched TiO 2 quantum dots (QDs)/TiO 2 oxygen vacancies (OVs) using a facile procedure. The resultant ternary TiO 2 QDs/TiO 2 OVs/C-dots photocatalysts with a quantum dot size of almost 4.55 nm were used for detoxification of aqueous solutions containing four antibiotics and three organic dyes as well as inactivation of two pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, upon visible light. The degradation constant of tetracycline over the optimized TiO 2 QDs/TiO 2 OVs/C-dots nanocomposite reached 714 × 10 −4 min −1 , which was 17.3, 12.1, and 2.92 times higher than TiO 2 QDs, TiO 2 OVs, and TQDs/TOVs (1:1) materials, respectively. Effective separation of electron−hole pairs between TiO 2 QDs and TiO 2 OVs counterparts through decorated C-dots by an established S-scheme system was the main reason for boosted photocatalytic activity. With regard to the facile growth of wheat and lentil seeds in the treated solutions, it is hoped that the TiO 2 QDs/TiO 2 OVs/C-dots nanocomposite with significant stability could be used to clean up wastewaters.

Wastewater Treatment Using High-Performance In Situ Formed Double-Heterojunction Janus Photocatalyst Microparticles Shaped via a Microfluidic Device

“…The presence of dyes in the environment poses a serious threat to aquatic and human health . Also, pharmaceuticals like tetracycline antibiotic (TC) are another emerging concern groups of contaminants that are immune to decompose or eliminate by the majority of current wastewater remediation methods, necessitating the development of techniques to remove them from wastewater more easily. , The photocatalytic degradation method, one of the more advanced oxidation techniques, has been used repeatedly to break down organic pollutants and pharmaceuticals. Among the different organic and inorganic semiconductors employed as photocatalysts (PCs), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is being widely used in numerous environmental applications for several decades because of its chemical stability, inexpensive cost, low toxicity, and superior photocatalytic abilities against a variety of organic contaminants, pharmaceutical substances, and microorganisms.…”