Decoration of reduced graphene oxide with rhodium nanoparticles for the design of a sensitive electrochemical enzyme biosensor for 17β-estradiol

Abstract

A novel nanocomposite material consisting of reduced graphene oxide/Rh nanoparticles was prepared by a one-pot reaction process. The strategy involved the simultaneous reduction of RhCl and graphene oxide with NaBH and the in situ deposition of the metal nanoparticles on the 2D carbon nanomaterial planar sheets. Glassy carbon electrode coated with this nanocomposite was employed as nanostructured support for the cross-linking of the enzyme laccase with glutaraldehyde to construct a voltammperometric biosensor for 17β-estradiol in the 0.9-11 pM range. The biosensor showed excellent analytical performance with high sensitivity of 25.7AµMcm, a very low detection limit of 0.54pM and high selectivity. The biosensor was applied to the rapid and successful determination of the hormone in spiked synthetic and real human urine samples.

Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences

“…Laccase is an oxygen-reducing enzyme, which can have a variety of applications. For example, a laccase-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of 17β-estradiol, a natural hormone classified as an emerging contaminant affecting humans and aquatic life [ 110 ]. Additionally, laccase can be used for the detection of phenols and catechols [ 109 , 111 – 113 ].…”

Two-dimensional nanomaterials: fascinating materials in biomedical field

“…RGO-based materials have also been extensively studied as biosensors because of their availability and electrical conductivity. As a paradigm, a new type of nanocomposite material composed of rGO/Rh nanoparticles was prepared to construct a sensitive electrochemical enzyme biosensor for the detection of 17b-estradiol [85]. 17b-estradiol is listed as an emerging contaminant because it is harmful to the endocrine functions of animals and humans.…”

A nano-magnetic electrochemical sensor for the determination of mood disorder related substances

“…Carbon nanoparticles are increasingly being used as electrode modiers, because they enlarge the active surface area, introducing new functionalities and also improving interfacial electron transfer. [17][18][19] A special kind of carbon material that has attracted attention in recent years is carbon quantum dots (Cdots). This nanomaterial consists of very small spherical nanoparticles (<10 nm), in which carbon atoms are linked by a combination of sp 2 and sp 3 bonds.…”