Combination of an
oxide semiconductor with a highly conductive
nanocarbon framework (such as graphene or carbon nanotubes) is an
attractive avenue to assemble efficient photoelectrodes for solar
fuel generation. To fully exploit the possible synergies of the hybrid
formation, however, precise knowledge of these systems is required
to allow rational design and morphological engineering. In this paper,
we present the controlled electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline
p-Cu2O on the surface of different graphene substrates.
The developed synthetic protocol allowed tuning of the morphological
features of the hybrids as deduced from electron microscopy. (Photo)electrochemical
measurements (including photovoltammetry, electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy, photocurrent transient analysis) demonstrated better
performance for the 2D graphene containing photoelectrodes, compared
to the bare Cu2O films, the enhanced performance being
rooted in suppressed charge carrier recombination. To elucidate the
precise role of graphene, comparative studies were performed with
carbon nanotube (CNT) films and 3D graphene foams. These studies revealed,
after allowing for the effect of increased surface area, that the
3D graphene substrate outperformed the other two nanocarbons. Its
interconnected structure facilitated effective charge separation and
transport, leading to better harvesting of the generated photoelectrons.
These hybrid assemblies are shown to be potentially attractive candidates
in photoelectrochemical energy conversion schemes, namely CO2 reduction.