Decoupling Analysis of Water Footprint and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 2004 to 2017

Kong, Yang; He, Weijun; Yuan, Liang; Shen, Juqin; An, Malaviya; Degefu, Dagmawi Mulugeta; Gao, Xin; Zhang, Zhaofang; Sun, Fuhua; Wan, Zhongchi

doi:10.3390/ijerph16234873

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The continuous improvement of water efficiency in these two cities indicated that cities with higher water pressure would have a more urgent need for water-saving technology promotion and emphasis on water usage efficiency optimization [45]. This is consistent with previous studies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, that is, cities with water scarcity would have advantages in water usage efficiency [7,34]. Besides, since a large amount of water were consumed in agriculture production, Beijing has reduced its localized agricultural production and gradually become a consumer-oriented city, which may also be the reason for Beijing to have the negative WF intensity effect [46].…”

Section: Decomposition Effect Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, only Beijing urban residents showed high demands for increased food consumption during the whole period. The growing food demand of Beijing residents could possibly be due to a higher living standard in this city, which has been indicated in other researches [7,34]. For the rural effect, the positive effects of Qingdao and Xiamen were reduced in the 2013-2018 period, reflecting a slow growth of food consumption level in Xiamen and a reduction in Qingdao.…”

Section: Food Consumption Level Effectmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This finding indicated the efficient use of agricultural water in Beijing and Tianjin. The water management optimization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region might be related to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, which pressures Beijing and Tianjin to show awareness on water utilization improvement [34]. On the contrary, Shanghai, Xiamen, and Qingdao had positive effects with increases of 25.44, 5.47, and 1.19 m 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities

Huang

Liu

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Water scarcity has put pressure on city development in China. With a particular focus on urban and rural effects, logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) was used to analyze the water footprint per capita (WFP) of food consumption in five East China cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Qingdao, and Xiamen) from 2008 to 2018. Results show that the WFP of food consumption exhibited an upward tendency among all cities during the research period. Food consumption structure contributed the most to the WFP growth, mainly due to urban and rural residents’ diet shift toward a livestock-rich style. Except in Beijing, the food consumption level mainly inhibited the WFP growth due to the decrease in food consumption level per capita in urban areas. Urbanization had less influence on WFP growth for two megacities (Beijing and Shanghai) due to the strictly controlled urban population inflow policy and more positive effects for other cities. The water footprint intensity effect among cities was mainly due to uneven water-saving efficiency. Meanwhile, Beijing and Tianjin have achieved advancement in water utilization efficiency.

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Section: Decomposition Effect Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Food Consumption Level Effectmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities

Huang

Liu

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…Its per capita water availability is as low as 5% of the world average and is decreasing annually. Its agricultural water use is 63% of the total water use [19,20]. In this area, winter wheat is the main water-intensive crop, and its production is highly dependent on irrigation with the extracted underground water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Scheme Selection Based on Water Footprint Analysis of Winter Wheat Production in Piedmont Plains of Hebei Province under Future Climate Scenarios

Shi

Cui

Sun

et al. 2021

Water

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The statistical downscaling tool of a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) to generate the future climate of the piedmont plain area in Hebei Province for a 30-year period. The Xinji city was selected as a typical example of this area. The crop growth model of the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) was adopted to estimate the changing trends of the water footprint of winter wheat production in this area under future climate conditions, and to obtain the optimal irrigation scheme of winter wheat for an ‘acceptable yield’. According to the test results, all the temperature indices of the piedmont plain area increased in the two selected future climate scenarios. In addition, the effective precipitation exhibited a slight decrease in scenario A2 and a remarkable increase in scenario B2. Both the total water footprint and green water footprint increased. A yield of 500 kg per mu was taken as the acceptable yield. In scenario A2, to achieve this acceptable yield, it was required to irrigate once in the jointing period with an irrigation rate of 105 mm. In scenario B2, one-time irrigation with an amount of 85 mm was sufficient to reach the acceptable yield.

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“…The Yellow River-the country's second largest river basin-has been identified as a water-risk hotspot by the World Resources Institute [8]. Within this basin, the Beijing-Tianjen-Heibei region exhibited strong decoupling between water consumption and economic growth from 2004-2017, which was attributed to improved water-use efficiencies and conservation awareness on an individual scale, as researchers documented a substantial decline in the annual per-capita water footprint over this period [9]. Similarly, in a comparative urban review of China's three largest megacities for the period 2005-2015, Guangzhou was found to display the strongest decoupling between economic growth and water usage, followed by Shanghai and Beijing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling Urban Water Use and Growth in Response to Water Scarcity

Richter

Benoit

Dugan

et al. 2020

Water

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Many cities in the western US face difficult challenges in trying to secure water supplies for rapidly growing urban populations in the context of intensifying water scarcity. We obtained annual data from urban water utilities across the western US to document trends in their water usage and service populations. We found that many cities have been able to accommodate population increases while simultaneously reducing their volume of water use, thereby decoupling growth from water use. This outcome is largely attributable to reductions in per-capita residential use. We identify additional untapped potential that can sustain and widen this decoupling for many cities.

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Decoupling Analysis of Water Footprint and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 2004 to 2017

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities

Decomposition of Water Footprint of Food Consumption in Typical East Chinese Cities

Irrigation Scheme Selection Based on Water Footprint Analysis of Winter Wheat Production in Piedmont Plains of Hebei Province under Future Climate Scenarios

Decoupling Urban Water Use and Growth in Response to Water Scarcity

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