“…After that, the binary GA with 128 binary variables is utilized to determine the optimal Y L . A binary vector X = { x 1 , x 2 … x 128 }, x i ϵ {0,1}, is adopted to represent the variables in GA. Set Equation () as the fitness function of GA. Then, the optimization problem is illustrated as follows 1 : where b is the threshold value (e.g. −10, −15 dB, etc.).…”