Decoupling of morphological disparity and taxic diversity during the adaptive radiation of anomodont therapsids

Ruta, Marcello; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Fröbisch, Jörg; Benton, Michael J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1071

Cited by 88 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Numerous studies of individual groups have shown that diversity and disparity are often decoupled, particularly early in the history of a clade. This pattern has been found not only for major clades [28,[109][110][111], but also within carnivores [31], salamanders [112], trilobites [113] and anomodont therapsids [114]. A recent analysis of disparity in 98 metazoan clades through the Phanerozoic found a preponderance of clades with maximal disparity early in their history [29].…”

Section: Innovation and Morphological Disparitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life

2015

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The history of life as documented by the fossil record encompasses evolutionary diversifications at scales ranging from the Ediacaran-Cambrian explosion of animal life and the invasion of land by vascular plants, insects and vertebrates to the diversification of flowering plants over the past 100 million years and the radiation of horses. Morphological novelty and innovation has been a recurrent theme. The architects of the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory made three claims about evolutionary novelty and innovation: first, that all diversifications in the history of life represent adaptive radiations; second, that adaptive radiations are driven principally by ecological opportunity rather than by the supply of new morphological novelties, thus the primary questions about novelty and innovation focus on their ecological and evolutionary success; and third, that the rate of morphological divergence between taxa was more rapid early in the history of a clade but slowed over time as ecological opportunities declined. These claims have strongly influenced subsequent generations of evolutionary biologists, yet over the past two decades each has been challenged by data from the fossil record, by the results of comparative phylogenetic analyses and through insights from evolutionary developmental biology. Consequently a broader view of novelty and innovation is required. An outstanding issue for future work is identifying the circumstances associated with different styles of diversification and whether their frequency has changed through the history of life.

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Section: Innovation and Morphological Disparitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life

2015

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“…Ratios of marginal likelihoods were used exclusively to identify shifts in disparity between successive time intervals based on the procedure outlined in Finarelli and Flynn (2007) and Anderson et al (2011). We assessed the statistical dependence between bin sample size and disparity by applying generalized differencing and assessing the strength and significance of correlations (e.g., Ruta et al 2013). Partial disparity for each marine reptile group was also examined to see how they contribute to overall disparity through the Mesozoic (Foote 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecomorphological diversifications of Mesozoic marine reptiles: the roles of ecological opportunity and extinction

Stubbs¹,

Benton

2016

Paleobiology

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114

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Abstract.-Mesozoic marine ecosystems were dominated by several clades of reptiles, including sauropterygians, ichthyosaurs, crocodylomorphs, turtles, and mosasaurs, that repeatedly invaded ocean ecosystems. Previous research has shown that marine reptiles achieved great taxonomic diversity in the Middle Triassic, as they broadly diversified into many feeding modes in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction, but it is not known whether this initial phase of evolution was exceptional in the context of the entire Mesozoic. Here, we use a broad array of disparity, morphospace, and comparative phylogenetic analyses to test this. Metrics of ecomorphology, including functional disparity in the jaws and dentition and skull-size diversity, show that the Middle to early Late Triassic represented a time of pronounced phenotypic diversification in marine reptile evolution. Following the Late Triassic extinctions, diversity recovered, but disparity did not, and it took over 100 Myr for comparable variation to recover in the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Jurassic marine reptiles generally failed to radiate into vacated functional roles. The signatures of adaptive radiation are not seen in all marine reptile groups. Clades that diversified during the Triassic biotic recovery, the sauropterygians and ichthyosauromorphs, do show early diversifications, early high disparity, and early burst, while less support for these models is found in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs and mosasaurs. Overall, the Triassic represented a special interval in marine reptile evolution, as a number of groups radiated into new adaptive zones.

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“…Cladogenetic richness (from populations to species) seems not be linearly related with evolutionary dynamics of other components of diversity. On the contrary, there is a growing body of evidence of the uncoupling between these components (e.g., Fortey et al 1996;Adams et al 2009;Safi et al 2011;Blankers et al 2013;Ruta et al 2013).…”

Section: Environmental Dynamics As a Diversity-driving Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Phylogenetic and Diversity Patterns in Octodontoid Rodents and a New Definition of the Family Abrocomidae

et al. 2015

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Octodontoidea is the most species-rich clade among hystricomorph rodents. Based on a combined parsimony analysis of morphological and molecular data of extinct and extant species, we analyze the history of South American octodontoids and propose ages of divergence older than interpreted so far. Early Abrocomidae are recognized for the first time, and a new definition of the family is provided. Traditionally accepted fossil-based times of origin for the southern clades are reinterpreted as later stages of differentiation markedly uncoupled from the origin, differentiation implying specializations for open environments as shown in a morphospace of skull variation. Origin of crown groups is also strongly uncoupled from origin of clades as a consequence of extinction of deep lineages. In the resulting diversity pattern of modern southern clades of octodontoids, the combination of greater disparity, less content of evolutionary history, and lower taxonomic diversity, compared to their northern counterparts, appears at first counterintuitive. We propose that primary components of diversity derived from evolutionary transformation or anagenesis, on the one hand, and from cladogenesis and extinction, on the other, should not be considered associated, or at least not necessarily. Certain patterns of relationships between these distinct components could be driven by environmental dynamics. Like environments, octodontoid diversity would have been more stable in northern South America, whereas in the south, both strong adaptive change and extinction would have been triggered by emerging derived environments.

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Decoupling of morphological disparity and taxic diversity during the adaptive radiation of anomodont therapsids

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life

Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life

Ecomorphological diversifications of Mesozoic marine reptiles: the roles of ecological opportunity and extinction

Contrasting Phylogenetic and Diversity Patterns in Octodontoid Rodents and a New Definition of the Family Abrocomidae

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