Decoupling of sexual signals and their underlying morphology facilitates rapid phenotypic diversification

Gallagher, James H.; Zonana, David M.; Broder, E. Dale; Herner, Brianna K; Tinghitella, Robin M.

doi:10.1002/evl3.302

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Across the continental US, O. ochracea are known to parasitize at least 17 host species (Gray et al, 2019), and are found to be behaviorally specialized in parasitizing one or a few species within a geographic location (Gray et al, 2007). In Hawaii, where the preferred host cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus continue to evolve in response to selection imposed by O. ochracea, some crickets have lost the ability to produce calling songs (Rayner et al, 2019;Zuk et al, 2006), while others have been rapidly evolving more cryptic calling songs with frequency content that differs from ancestral Teleogryllus oceanicus calling songs (Broder et al, 2022;Gallagher et al, 2022;Tinghitella et al, 2021Tinghitella et al, , 2018. These changes to cricket calling songs may have led to the switching to alternative host species (Broder et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource competition affects the developmental outcome of the acoustic parasitoid flyOrmia ochracea

Dominguez,

Latham,

Mongui

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ormia ochraceais an acoustic parasitoid fly where the adults are free-living, but their larval young depend on nutritional resources within host crickets for growth and development. In nature, gravid female flies rely on their ability to recognize and localize cricket calling songs to find suitable host species to parasitize. In depth investigations of fly behavior and the mechanistic bases of auditory perception require a reliable approach to propagate stable fly colonies in the laboratory. Previous work has demonstrated that flies can be propagated using a number of natural host cricket species, as well as cricket species that flies do not parasitize in nature. However, we lack a complete understanding of fly developmental outcomes when non-host cricket species are utilized to propagate fly colonies. In this study, we document the feasibility of using commercially suppliedAcheta domesticusas a host species. We specifically test the hypothesis that host size and resource competition can affect developmental outcomes ofO. ochracea. We performed manual parasitizations on crickets that varied in size, and resource competition was varied by manipulating the number of larvae used to parasitize a host cricket. A series of morphometric analyses were conducted on host crickets, and developmental outcomes were measured in terms of pupation success and eclosion success, pupal width, and eclosed adult fly size. In the absence of resource competition, we found that host cricket size did not affect pupation or eclosion success. In the presence of resource competition between two developing larvae within a host cricket, pupation and eclosion successes were impacted negatively, and the developing pupae were more likely to be smaller. These results confirm that resource competition among developing parasitoids can negatively affect developmental outcomes, andAcheta domesticuscan be used effectively to propagate colonies ofO. ochraceain the laboratory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource competition affects the developmental outcome of the acoustic parasitoid flyOrmia ochracea

Dominguez,

Latham,

Mongui

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Second, both the presence of eco-evolutionary cycles (and the maintenance of polymorphism in the discrete model) show that heightened predation risk could explain sustained variation in sexual displays despite persistent female choice (i.e., the lek paradox). As a possible example, parasitoids have been shown to have induced variation in the sexual displays of Pacific field crickets ( Teleogryllus oceanicus ) [ 109 ]. Third, and relatedly, cycles in sexual displays have the potential to mislead empirical studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits

Lerch

Servedio

2023

PLoS Biol

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Predation plays a role in preventing the evolution of ever more complicated sexual displays, because such displays often increase an individual’s predation risk. Sexual selection theory, however, omits a key feature of predation in modeling costs to sexually selected traits: Predation is density dependent. As a result of this density dependence, predator–prey dynamics should feed back into the evolution of sexual displays, which, in turn, feeds back into predator–prey dynamics. Here, we develop both population and quantitative genetic models of sexual selection that explicitly link the evolution of sexual displays with predator–prey dynamics. Our primary result is that predation can drive eco-evolutionary cycles in sexually selected traits. We also show that mechanistically modeling the cost to sexual displays as predation leads to novel outcomes such as the maintenance of polymorphism in sexual displays and alters ecological dynamics by muting prey cycles. These results suggest predation as a potential mechanism to maintain variation in sexual displays and underscore that short-term studies of sexual display evolution may not accurately predict long-run dynamics. Further, they demonstrate that a common verbal model (that predation limits sexual displays) with widespread empirical support can result in unappreciated, complex dynamics due to the density-dependent nature of predation.

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A novel cricket morph has diverged in song and wing morphology across island populations

Gallagher,

Zonana,

Broder

et al. 2023

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Divergence of sexual signals between populations can lead to speciation, yet opportunities to study the immediate aftermath of novel signal evolution are rare. The recent emergence and spread of a new mating song, purring, in Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) allows us to investigate population divergence soon after the origin of a new signal. Male crickets produce songs with specialized wing structures to attract mates from afar (calling) and entice them to mate when found (courtship). However, in Hawaii, these songs also attract an eavesdropping parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea) that kills singing males. The novel purring song, produced with heavily modified wing morphology, attracts female crickets but not the parasitoid fly, acting as a solution to this conflict between natural and sexual selection. We've recently observed increasing numbers of purring males across Hawaii. In this integrative field study, we investigated the distribution of purring and the proportion of purring males relative to other morphs in six populations on four islands and compared a suite of phenotypic traits (wing morphology, calling song and courtship song) that make up this novel signal across populations of purring males. We show that purring is found in varying proportions across five, and is locally dominant in four, Hawaiian populations. We also show that calling songs, courtship songs and wing morphology of purring males differ geographically. Our findings demonstrate the rapid pace of evolution in island populations and provide insights into the emergence and divergence of new sexual signals over time.

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Decoupling of sexual signals and their underlying morphology facilitates rapid phenotypic diversification

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

Resource competition affects the developmental outcome of the acoustic parasitoid flyOrmia ochracea

Resource competition affects the developmental outcome of the acoustic parasitoid flyOrmia ochracea

Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits

A novel cricket morph has diverged in song and wing morphology across island populations

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