Decrease in the Hydroperoxide of Fatty Acid Ester Caused by Amines

Totani, Nagao; Nakayama, Yôko; Totani, Yoichiro; Matsuo, Noboru

doi:10.4327/jsnfs1949.28.485

Cited by 39 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…646 modeling we conclude that GRB 050904 exploded into a constant-density medium with cm Ϫ3 , which is 2 orders n p 680 0 of magnitude above the nominal value for lower redshift GRBs (Friedman & Bloom 2005;Soderberg et al 2006). Line-ofsight measures (Watson et al 2006;Haislip et al 2006;Totani et al 2006) also indicate that a substantial column of gas exists toward GRB 050904. The fine-structure silicon lines Si ii* are the most important since their column density ratios yield estimates of the electron density cm Ϫ3 (Kawai et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Details on the discovery and properties of the X-ray and NIR afterglow of this burst can be found in several papers (Cusumano et al 2006;Watson et al 2006;Haislip et al 2006;Boër et al 2006;Tagliaferri et al 2005). An optical/NIR spectrum taken by the Subaru Telescope 3.4 days after the burst showed multiple heavy metal absorption lines and a Gunn-Peterson trough with a damping wing redward of the Lya cutoff that was used to derive the neutral fraction (Totani et al 2006;Kawai et al 2006). Recent obx !…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Energetic Afterglow from a Distant Stellar Explosion

Frail

Cameron

Kasliwal

et al. 2006

ApJ

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We present the discovery of radio afterglow emission from the high-redshift ( ) burst GRB 050904. z p 6.295 The peak flux density for this burst is similar to typical low-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We further show that beyond a redshift of order unity, the flux densities of radio afterglows are largely insensitive to redshift, consistent with predictions. By combining the existing X-ray, near-infrared, and radio measurements, we derive estimates for the kinetic energy and opening angle of the blast wave and for the density of the circumburst medium into which it expands. Both the kinetic and radiated energy indicate that GRB 050904 was an unusually energetic burst (10 52 ergs). More importantly, we are able to make an in situ measurement of the density structure of the circumburst medium. We conclude that GRB 050904 exploded into a constant-density medium with cm Ϫ3 , which is 2 orders of magnitude above the nominal value for low-redshift GRBs. The next n p 680 0 generation of centimeter (EVLA) and millimeter radio instruments (ALMA) will be able to routinely detect events such as GRB 050904 and use them to study magnetic fields and the atomic and molecular gas in the high-redshift universe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energetic Afterglow from a Distant Stellar Explosion

Frail

Cameron

Kasliwal

et al. 2006

ApJ

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“…The launch of the Swift satellite in 2004 then 242 T. Totani allowed the GRB community to search for fainter and more distant GRBs with improved detection rate. The first breakthrough was brought by GRB 050904 at z = 6.3 (Kawai et al 2006;Totani et al 2006), and it kept its record more than two years until broken by GRB 080913 at z = 6.7 (Greiner et al 2009). Furthermore, in 2009 GRB 090423 was discovered at z = 8.3 (Salvaterra et al 2009;Tanvir et al 2009), placing GRBs at the top rank in the list of the most distant astronomical source populations, far beyond the most distant galaxy at z = 6.96.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lines from the true systemic redshift of the host, as discussed in Totani et al (2006), and these must be carefully taken into account when one derives constraint on reionization. Another feature useful to discriminate between IGM and DLA is Lyβ feature, because it also gives a clear constraint on the host redshift.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gamma-Ray Bursts as Cosmological Probes

Totani

2011

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. The status and prospects for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as cosmological probes are reviewed. Long duration GRBs can potentially be used as an indicator of star formation rate (SFR), though GRB rate might be systematically different from SFR, by the effect of e.g. metallicity. There are several papers claiming that the cosmic GRB rate history is different from that of SFR in the sense that GRB rate is relatively higher than SFR at higher redshifts, which may be explained by the metallicity effect. However, considering the large uncertainties about the efficiency of GRB afterglow detection and redshift determination, it would be conservative to state that the observed GRB rate is roughly consistent with the star formation history. GRBs can also be used as a unique and powerful tool to reveal the reionization history. However, there is practically no progress in this direction since the first GRB-based useful constraint on reionization in 2005 (GRB 050904). The bottleneck now is the insufficient sensitivity of nearinfrared spectroscopy, even with 8m class telescopes. The planned 30m class telescopes will bring the next breakthruough. Finally, GRBs can potentially be used as a standard candle to study cosmology by a geometrical test. However, there are still many steps for GRBs to overcome before it produces a result that has strong impact on the cosmology community in the precision cosmology era.

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Interactions of oxidized lipids with protein Part XVI. Interactions of oxidized ethyl linoleate with collagen

Pokorný

Davı́dek

Chocholatá

et al. 1990

Nahrung

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The reaction of ethyl linoleate with collagen proceeded at 60 degrees C following the first order kinetics but during the hydroperoxide decomposition the rate constant of the first order decomposition was substantially lower than that of the second order decomposition. Contrary to cellulose, collagen catalyzed the hydroperoxide decomposition. The amount of total oxidation products rose rapidly at the stage of rapid hydroperoxide formation, and slowly afterwards. The browning reaction was fasted in the stage of maximum hydroperoxide content, and both ether-insoluble and ether-soluble pigments were formed, the latter low in nitrogen. The amount of lipid oligomers increased mainly in the reaction stage following the hydroperoxide maximum. Soluble collagen was converted into insoluble forms by the reaction with oxidized lipids. Basic amino acids were blocked by reaction with oxidized lipids but the bonds formed became resistant to acid hydrolysis only in the stage following the hydroperoxide maximum. Changes of sensory profiles could be explained by reactions of flavour-active carbonylic oxidation products with protein.

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Decrease in the Hydroperoxide of Fatty Acid Ester Caused by Amines

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

An Energetic Afterglow from a Distant Stellar Explosion

An Energetic Afterglow from a Distant Stellar Explosion

Gamma-Ray Bursts as Cosmological Probes

Interactions of oxidized lipids with protein Part XVI. Interactions of oxidized ethyl linoleate with collagen

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