Decrease of Food Intake in Rats after Ingestion of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol

Ooyama, Katsuhiko; Kojima, Keiichi; Aoyama, Toyohiko; Takeuchi, Hiroyuki

doi:10.3177/jnsv.55.423

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many of the orexigenic neuropeptides, which decline with aging, may play an important role in the anorexia with aging [55,57,68,80]. It is widely known that anorexia with aging makes the old people at major risk for having severe decreases in food intake [7,51,87].…”

Section: Anorexia Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia of aging

Hao

Guo

2012

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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During the period between 2000 and 2030, the number of persons older than 65 years is projected to grow from 550 to 937 million worldwide. Globally, this growth represents an increase from 6.9 to 12 %. Studies have found that 74.6 % of women and 67.4 % of men aged 65 years or older suffer from many clinical and subclinical syndromes and problems, including anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia, which are often overlooked or managed inadequately. These issues are very common in the elder. The key clinical question is whether these changes in the elder are distinct entities or an interdependent continuum. In this article, we reviewed these issues of related basic, clinical knowledge. The purpose of this review is to enhance the recognition of anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia.

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Section: Anorexia Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia of aging

Hao

Guo

2012

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…Therefore, the mechanism for the albumin improvement effect of dietary MCT is not yet clear. The results of previous studies indicated that dietary MCT increases serum insulin concentration in the rats (6,8,9) and humans (7,10). One of the main properties of MCT is its ketogenic character (8,11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Suppresses the Decrease of Plasma Albumin Level through the Insulin-Akt-mTOR Pathway in the Livers of Malnourished Rats

Sekine

Terada

Aoyama

2013

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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123Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) has been utilized for improvements of nutritional and energy statuses in preterm infants (1) and in patients with a variety of malabsorptive disorders (2) since the 1960s, because MCT is rapidly digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, in elderly people, digestion and absorption are delayed by aging, and energy intake is decreased by decreased physical activity. Most elderly people, especially those residing in nursing homes and hospitals, tend to suffer from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) (3). PEM status is indicated by hypoalbuminemia. Albumin is synthesized in the liver, and serum albumin is a major component of serum protein, which sustains osmotic pressure and transports many kinds of substances or hormones to organs. Serum albumin has been the most common index of nutritional status. Its concentration in serum is influenced by many factors independent of nutritional factors, such as infections, trauma (by an increase in the transcapillary escape rate of albumin), hydration status (by haemodilution), liver function (by a decrease in synthesis) and kidney disease (by albumin losses).In previous studies, dietary MCT improved serum albumin concentration in elderly people with PEM (4) and in malnourished rats (5, 6). Nitrogen balance was also improved by dietary MCT (5, 7). Kojima and Kasai hypothesized that improvement of protein balance with MCT intake occurred through suppression of gluconeogenesis, which mainly started from body protein degradation. However, gluconeogenic enzymes were not changed in malnourished rats fed MCT (6). Therefore, the mechanism for the albumin improvement effect of dietary MCT is not yet clear. The results of previous studies indicated that dietary MCT increases serum insulin concentration in the rats (6,8,9) and humans (7, 10). One of the main properties of MCT is its ketogenic character (8,11,12). Madison et al. reported that ketone bodies have a direct stimulatory effect on the pancreatic beta cells (13). Insulin and other growth factors activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) via the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream effecter, Akt (also called protein kinase B) (14,15). Active mTOR enhances cell growth by promoting mRNA translation and increasing cell mass (16,17). Ijichi et al. reported that branched-chain amino acids promote albumin synthesis in rat hepatocytes through the mTOR signal transduction system (18). Because mTOR might relate to albumin synthesis, we hypothesized that one of the mechanisms for the albumin improvement effect of dietary MCT is related to the insulin-Akt-mTOR signal transduction system. To clarify the albumin improvement mechanism of MCT, in the present study we evalu- Summary Recent studies have shown that medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) improved serum albumin concentration in elderly people with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and in malnourished rats. However, the mechanism for this effect has not been clarified....

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“…In addition, there has been accumulating evidence indicated that MCFAs affected insulin secretion (Shinohara et al, 2006;Ooyama et al, 2009), as well improved insulin sensitivity (Terada et al, 2012). These results implied insulin may play an important role in regulating action of MCFAs on feed intake.…”

Section: Properties Lcts Mcts Referencementioning

confidence: 82%

“…The MCFAs in diet are absorbed through the portal system without resynthesis of triacylglycerol in intestinal cells, and are predominantly subjected to -oxidation in liver compared to LCFAs (Leyton et al, 1987). The rapid oxidation of MCFAs in the liver leads to an increase ATP content in the liver (Ooyama et al, 2009), and has a great influence on systemic energy balance (Himms-Hagen et al, 1984). Maintaining relative stability …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the changes of carnitine induced by MCFAs may be an important regulation factor of ingestion. Moreover, it was reported that appetite hormones leptin and PYY played no role in effect of MCFAs on feed intake (Ooyama et al, 2009), and the secretion of CCK played only a minor role in MCFAs-regulate feeding (Symersky et al, 2002).…”

Section: Properties Lcts Mcts Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of medium-chain fatty acids on feed intakeand weight gain in animal: Depending on balance

Geng

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJAR

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Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) has been used in animal production, not only as an energy substance, but also as a kind of functional material, especially in pig production. At present, however, the action mechanism of MCFAs on ingestion and growth is not fully clear. In addition, there is no consensus for effect of MCFAs on feed intake and weight gain in animals. In this review, we summarized the information from comprehensive and rational arguments for the role of MCFAs on feed intake and weight gain in monogastric animal studies(mainly in rats and pigs). As a result, the supplementation level of MCFAs in diet is a key influence factor on animal ingestion, of which underlying action mechanism may be attributed to influence of MCFAs on appetite hormones (mainly, insulin and Acyl ghrelin) and fluctuation of energy balance. Additionally, the influence of MCFAs on growth performance is related to addition level of MCFAs, the types of MCFAs, characteristics of based diet, as well as the physiological status of animal. The effectiveness of MCFAs on ingestion and weight gain depend on the balance of the various influence factors.

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Decrease of Food Intake in Rats after Ingestion of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia of aging

Anorexia, undernutrition, weight loss, sarcopenia, and cachexia of aging

Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Suppresses the Decrease of Plasma Albumin Level through the Insulin-Akt-mTOR Pathway in the Livers of Malnourished Rats

Effectiveness of medium-chain fatty acids on feed intakeand weight gain in animal: Depending on balance

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