Decrease of free radical level in organ perfusate by a novel water-soluble carbon-sixty, hexa(sulfobutyl)fullerenes

The protective activities of water-soluble C60 derivatives against nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cells

“…The hypothetical mechanism of WSFD-mediated cell protection from NOinduced apoptosis. 22 are extremely effective in shrinking tumors induced by implantation of hepatoma cells in mice [50]. This study, and others, demonstrates that the antioxidant activities of fullerenes are linked to protective and therapeutic effects, which should be valuable for developing highly effective fullerene derivatives for use in biomedicine.…”

“…According to Misirkic et al [29], C 60 nanoparticles might be candidates for preventing NO-mediated cell injury in inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. Lao et al [30] also demonstrated that C 60 (OH) 22 and C 60 (C(COOH) 2 ) 2 protected endothelial cells against NO-induced damage. These data indicate that functional fullerene derivatives have potential applications for NO-related disorders.…”

“…Thus, supramolecular properties involving aggregation into nanoparticles/nanostructure may contribute to the radical-scavenging capacity of water-soluble fullerenes. It is well established that the size and structure of nanoparticles of endohedral metallofullerenes, such as Gd@C 82 (OH) 22 , affect their performance as MRI contrast agents [39]. This effect derives from the relationship among nanoparticle-size, nanoparticle rotation rate in biological media and spin interactions resulting in MRI contrast enhancement [40].…”

“…The capability of polyhydroxylated C 60 derivatives [9e12], carboxyfullerenes [13,14], Gd@C 82 (OH) 22 [15,16], animo acid C 60 derivatives [17,18] and glutathione C 60 derivative [19] acting as ROS scavengers has been shown to be involved in the inhibition of apoptosis in different types of cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, demonstrated protective effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives include reduction of injury on ischemic reperfusion of the intestine [20], hepatoprotective effects [21], reduction in free radical levels in organ perfusate [22], a decrease in numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis [23] and neuroprotective effects [14,24e26]. All of the previous reports indicated that water-soluble C 60 derivatives had excellent ability to protect cells against apoptosis, especially neurons.…”

Inhibition of Tumor Growth by Endohedral Metallofullerenol Nanoparticles Optimized as Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger

“…The carboxylic acid fullerene was hundreds of times more protective than vitamin E. A polyethylene glycol-conjugated-fullerene (C 60 ) strongly induced tumor necrosis without any damage to the overlying normal tissue in vivo, making it an excellent candidate for targeted tumor therapy (Tabata et al, 1997). The biological effect of fullerene derivatives has been demonstrated in numerous systems, including reduction in injury after ischemic reperfusion of the intestine (Lai et al, 2000), protection of cells from undergoing apoptosis (Hsu et al, 1998;Bisaglia et al, 2000), reduction in free radical levels in organ perfusate (Chueh et al, 1999), and neuroprotective effects (Dugan et al, 1997;Lin et al, 1999). The potent biological activity of fullerenols has been attributed to a combination of their unique chemical and physical characteristics.…”