Decrease of Specific and Total IgE Levels in Allergic Patients After BCG Vaccination

Cavallo, Giovanni; Elia, Mariateresa; Giordano, Daniela; Baldi, Cristina; Cammarota, Raffaella

doi:10.1001/archotol.128.9.1058

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…T cells playa critical role in controlling immune responses and they are involved in the inflammatory processes characteristic of allergic diseases. Based on their cytokine production profile helper, T cells (T h) are generally distinguished into two distinct subsets: ThI cells producing IL-2 and IFN-y and T h2 cells producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-I3 (16)(17). Several studies investigated the cytokine mRNA expression and protein production profiles (ThI versus Th2) of T cell clones and of peripheral mononuclear cells of allergic patients (10,(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies showed that allergic diseases are often associated with an increased expression of T h2-like cytokine responses. IL-4 is essential for isotype switching toward IgE, while IL-5 together with IL-4 switches antibody response toward IgA (16)(17). On the other hand, ThI cells have a downregulatory role in the production of T h2 cytokines by releasing IFN-y.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improvement of Clinical Response in Allergic Rhinitis Patients Treated with an Oral Immunostimulating Bacterial Lysate: In Vivo Immunological Effects

Banche

Allizond

Mandras

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Allergic rhinitis is known to be one of the most common chronic diseases in the industrialized world. According to the concept that allergic rhinitis patients generally suffer from an immune deficit, in order to stimulate specifically or aspecifically their immune system, immunomodulating agents from various sources, such as synthetic compounds, tissue extracts or a mixture of bacterial extracts, have been used. The aim of the present trial is to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with an immunostimulating vaccine consisting of a polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in the prophylaxis of allergic rhinitis and subsequently to analyze its in vivo effects on immune responses. 41 allergic rhinitis patients were enrolled: 26 patients were randomly assigned to the group for PMBL sublingual treatment and 15 others to the group for placebo treatment. For all 26 patients blood samples were drawn just before (To) and after 3 months of PMBL treatment (T 3) to evaluate plasma IgE levels (total and allergen-specific) and the cytokine production involved in the allergic response (IL-4, IFN-y). The results of our study indicate that PMBL is effective in vivo in the reduction or in the elimination of the symptoms in rhinitis subjects during the treatment period in comparison to a non-immunostimulating treatment. A significant and clinically relevant improvement was found in 61.5%, a stationary clinical response was registered in 38.4% and no negative side effects associated with the medication or worsening were recorded. At the end of a 3-month follow up period the clinical picture remained the same as that observed at T 3 • PMBL treatment did not affect the serum IgE levels (either total or allergen-specific) and did not induce significant changes in IFN-y concentration. In contrast, PMBL therapy may be accompanied, in some patients, by a potential immunomodulating activity by decreasing IL-4 cytokine expression. In the last 20 years allergies have increased in countries with a relatively high standard of living (I). Residency in urban or industrial areas, changes in lifestyle and the falling incidence of microbial infections may be responsible for this increase to some extent. Prevalence estimates suggest, for example, that seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs in 10% and perennial allergic rhinitis in 10-20% of individuals living in industrialized countries, and for children the prevalence rates may be as high as 40% (2). Poorly controlled allergic rhinitis is also a major risk factor for sinus infections and may contribute to the development of asthma and to exacerbations in those subjects who already have

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Clinical Response in Allergic Rhinitis Patients Treated with an Oral Immunostimulating Bacterial Lysate: In Vivo Immunological Effects

Banche

Allizond

Mandras

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some insight into the role of IL-21 in allergic responses came from studies showing that exposure to IL-21 resulted in decreased IgE production in an OVA-induced mouse model of allergic rhinitis and in a mouse food allergy model (54,55). In humans, diminution of IgE production has been reported following vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin, BCG (56). This effect has been attributed to the apoptosis of IgE-producing B cells caused by the IL-21 secreted by NKT cells (4).…”

Section: Il-21 In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

IL-21: An Executor of B Cell Fate

Konforte

Simard

Paige

2009

The Journal of Immunology

134

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IL-21 is a type I cytokine that shares the common receptor γ-chain with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. B cells are one of the lymphoid cell types whose development and function are regulated by IL-21. Depending on the interplay with costimulatory signals and on the developmental stage of a B cell, IL-21 can induce proliferation, differentiation into Ig-producing plasma cells, or apoptosis in both mice and humans. Alone and in combination with Th cell-derived cytokines IL-21 can regulate class switch recombination to IgG, IgA, or IgE isotypes, indicating its important role in shaping the effector function of B cells. This review highlights the role of IL-21 in B cell development, function, and disease and provides some perspectives on the future studies in this area.

show abstract

“…The authors suggested that exposure and response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may reduce allergic sensitisation. However, additional studies have tested whether immunisation with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) can protect against atopic diseases, but have shown conflicting results [13,14,15,16,17,18]. The discrepancies may be ascribed to the differences in BCG vaccination regimes and bacterial strains used, the populations and age groups studied, the period during which the effects were evaluated, and the pattern of natural exposure to mycobacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Sensitisation in Tuberculosis and Leprosy Patients

Ellertsen

Wiker

Egeberg

et al. 2005

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: A negative association has been observed between infections and allergy in several studies. The aim of the present study was to examine whether tuberculosis and leprosy patients have more or fewer allergies than healthy individuals. Method:Sera from tuberculosis patients, leprosy patients and healthy controls were analysed by ELISA and Pharmacia Unicap^® for serological markers for allergy and mycobacterial infection. The serological markers for allergy were total IgE, specific IgE using Phadiatop and specific IgE to the dust mite allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 (Der p 1). Serological markers for mycobacterial infections included specific IgG to a mixture of bacille Calmette-Guérin culture filtrate antigens, to purified mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (manLAM) and to purified secreted antigen 85B. Results:Both tuberculosis and leprosy patients had significantly higher levels of total IgE than controls. Furthermore, a significantly higher level of specific IgE (Phadiatop) was also found in the tuberculosis patients compared with controls. A similar result, but not statistically significant, was observed for the leprosy group. Specific IgG to antigen 85B and to manLAM was found to be significantly higher in both tuberculosis and leprosy patients compared with controls. In addition, leprosy patients had significantly more IgG to the BCG culture filtrate antigen than controls. Conclusions:The results indicate that patients with mycobacterial infections have allergic sensitisation more frequently compared with healthy controls. This is seemingly in contrast with the notion that there is a negative association between allergy and infection (‘hygiene hypothesis’). However, since only one in ten of those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop the disease, patients with active mycobacterial disease represent a selected group. A similar relationship applies for leprosy. It is conceivable that those predisposed to allergy are less resistant to mycobacterial infections.

show abstract

Decrease of Specific and Total IgE Levels in Allergic Patients After BCG Vaccination

Abstract: BCG, an effective stimulus for cell-mediated immunity, deserves further study to evaluate its ability to modulate the immune response associated with allergic rhinitis.

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Improvement of Clinical Response in Allergic Rhinitis Patients Treated with an Oral Immunostimulating Bacterial Lysate: In Vivo Immunological Effects

Improvement of Clinical Response in Allergic Rhinitis Patients Treated with an Oral Immunostimulating Bacterial Lysate: In Vivo Immunological Effects

IL-21: An Executor of B Cell Fate

Allergic Sensitisation in Tuberculosis and Leprosy Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About