Decreased antibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus

Hyöoty, Heikki; Räasäanen, Liisa; Hiltunen, Merja; Lehtinen, Matti; Huupponen, T; Leinikki, Pauli

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1991.tb05162.x

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The frequency of other virus infections such as cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and Epstein Barr virus did not differ between the groups [13,56,59].…”

Section: Further Recent Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although occasional cases of diabetes have been associated with this epitope, it is not thought to be a likely candidate virus for diabetes. Antibody levels against the capsid protein of this virus have been shown to be lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects [18]. It is only very recently that a clearer role for these viruses is in the aetiology of diabetes has begun to emerge despite a large volume of work devoted to them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of viruses in human diabetes

Hyöty

2002

Diabetologia

222

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Abstract. Viruses have long been considered a major environmental factor in the aetiology of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and recent work has greatly confirmed and extended this role. In addition to the enteroviruses, there are several other viruses which, from time to time, have been considered potential causal agents for human diabetes. With the exception of rubella, their role is not clear.

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“…The frequency of other virus infections such as cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and Epstein Barr virus did not differ between the groups [13,56,59].…”

Section: Further Recent Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of viruses in human diabetes

Hyöty

2002

Diabetologia

222

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“…The incidence peaks of type I diabetes are at ihe age of 6 years and around puberty [26j, In newly diagnosed diabetic children EBV VC A antibody litres arc lower than in controls, suggesting abnormalilies in EBV-specific immunity in lypc 1 diabetic subjects [11]. This may make comparisons of BERF4 peptide antibody levels between diabetic subjects and healthy individuals ditlicult to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody reactivity to an Epstein–Barr virus BERF4-encoded epitope occurring also in Asp-57 region of HLA-DQ8 β chain

Parkkonen

Hyöty

Ilonen

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYA five amino acids-long sequence (GPPAA) in Iho region of Ihc 57th amino acid of HI..A-DOS /( chain, vt'hich seems to be imporlant in delining the risk for type I diabetes, occurs LUSO in the BERF4-cncoded EBNA.IC protein of Epstein-Barr virus {EBV) in six successive repeats. The antigenicity of this region was analysed using synthetic peplidcs containing different modifications of ihe GPPAA sequence. Tvt'OoCthc seven individuals who had acute EBV infeclion produced antibodies against an EBV-derivcd peplide (GPPAAGPPAAGPPA A) paralleling the EBNA: antibodies. These two cases also conlracled type I diabetes immediately after ihe infection. High antibody levels against this peptide were Ibund in a total of 12' V-;, of EBV ' individuals, and in most cases antibodies remained at high levels for several years. Human sera as well as aHinily-purificd aniibodies specific for the CiPPAAGPPAAGPPAA peptide reacted also with shorter peptide analogues (GPPAAGPPAA and GPPAA). as vi-ell as with peptides containing the surrounding niotits from DQH ji chains. However, none of these antibodies bound to denatured DQ8 fi chains in immunoblotting. The charge of the 57th amino acid modulated the antigenicily of this epitope. as peptides from Asp-57-negative DQ molecules were reaciive, while peptides from Asp-57-positive DQ molecules were not. The responsiveness was seen in both HLA-DQS-positive and -negative subjects as well as in type I diabetic individuals. The results suggest that some individuals who carry the GPPAA sequence in their HLA-DQ molecule recognize ihis epitope in EBV. This phenomenon may have potential importance in EBV-induced immune abnormalities, although cross-rcactiviiy against DQ molecules could no! be demonstrated in the present study.

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“…EBV has been implicated in the aetiology of autoimmune diseases [112,113]. A temporal link between EBV infection and the onset of T1D has been reported in a rare number of cases, including one where the child also had concurrent adenovirus and Coxsackie B viral infections [114].…”

Section: Epstein-barr Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Look at Viruses in Type 1 Diabetes

Jun¹,

Yoon²

2004

ILAR Journal

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Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Genetic factors are believed to be a major component for the development of type 1diabetes, but the concordance rate for the development of diabetes in identical twins is only about 40%, suggesting that non-genetic factors play an important role in the expression of the disease. Viruses are one environmental factor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. To date, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in humans and animal models. Viruses may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in at least two distinct ways: by inducing beta cellspecific autoimmunity, with or without infection of the beta cells, (e.g. Kilham rat virus) and by cytolytic infection and destruction of the beta cells (e.g. encephalomyocarditis virus in mice). With respect to virus-mediated autoimmunity, retrovirus, reovirus, Kilham rat virus, bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are discussed. With respect to the destruction of beta cells by cytolytic infection, encephalomyocarditis virus, mengovirus and Coxsackie B viruses are discussed. In addition, a review of transgenic animal models for virus-induced autoimmune diabetes is included, particularly with regard to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, influenza viral proteins and the EpsteinBarr viral receptor. Finally, the prevention of autoimmune diabetes by infection of viruses such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is discussed.

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Decreased antibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

The role of viruses in human diabetes

The role of viruses in human diabetes

Antibody reactivity to an Epstein–Barr virus BERF4-encoded epitope occurring also in Asp-57 region of HLA-DQ8 β chain

A New Look at Viruses in Type 1 Diabetes

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