Decreased Corpus Callosum Size Among Alcoholic Women

Hommer, Daniel W.; Momenan, Reza; Rawlings, Robert R.; Ragan, Paul; Williams, Willis H.; Rio, Daniel; Eckardt, Michael J.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550040099019

Cited by 163 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Interestingly, alcoholic women appear to have an increased sensitivity for brain damage when compared with alcoholic men (42). This appears to be true for liver disease as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Alcohol and Neurodegeneration

Crews

1999

CNS Drug Reviews

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“…Interestingly, alcoholic women appear to have an increased sensitivity for brain damage when compared with alcoholic men (42). This appears to be true for liver disease as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Alcohol and Neurodegeneration

Crews

1999

CNS Drug Reviews

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“…Studies of adult alcoholics reveal white matter volume reductions and microstructural abnormalities (Estruch et al, 1997;Hommer et al, 1996;Kril, Halliday, Svoboda, & Cartwright, 1997;Pfefferbaum et al, 1996;Pfefferbaum et al, 2000), and gray matter volume deficits in hippocampal and other brain regions (Gansler et al, 2000;Laakso et al, 2000;Phillips, Harper, & Kril, 1987;Sullivan et al, 2005;Sullivan, et al, 1995). Neuropsychological studies demonstrate deficits in verbal and visual memory, working memory, visuospatial functioning, gait/balance, reasoning, inhibition, and speeded processing (Duka, et al, 2003;Garland, Parsons, & Nixon, 1993;Sullivan, et al, 2002;Sullivan, Rosenbloom, & Pfefferbaum, 2000;Townshend & Duka, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

Medina

Schweinsburg

Cohen-Zion

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

238

191

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Background-Converging lines of evidence suggest that the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to deleterious effects of alcohol and marijuana use, especially during adolescence. The goal of this study was to examine hippocampal volume and asymmetry in adolescent users of alcohol and marijuana.Methods-Participants were adolescent (aged 15-18) alcohol (ALC) users (n=16), marijuana and alcohol (MJ+ALC) users (n=26), and demographically similar controls (n=21). Extensive exclusionary criteria included prenatal toxic exposure, left handedness, and psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Substance use, cognitive, and anatomical measures were collected after at least 2 days of abstinence from all substances.Results-Adolescent ALC users demonstrated a significantly different pattern of hippocampal asymmetry (p<.05) and reduced left hippocampal volume (p<.05) compared to MJ+ALC users and non-using controls. Increased alcohol abuse/dependence severity was associated with increased right > left (R>L) asymmetry and smaller left hippocampal volumes while marijuana abuse/dependence was associated with increased L>R asymmetry and larger left hippocampal volumes. Although MJ +ALC users did not differ from controls in asymmetry, functional relationships with verbal learning were found only among controls, among whom greater right than left hippocampal volume was associated with superior performance (p<.05).Conclusions-Aberrations in hippocampal asymmetry and left hippocampal volumes were found for adolescent heavy drinkers. Further, the functional relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and verbal learning was abnormal among adolescent substance users compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest differential effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use on hippocampal morphometry and the relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and verbal learning performance among adolescents.

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“…Patients with alcoholism have compromised callosal morphology variously described in vivo and postmortem as "thinning" or reduced area or volume compared with age-matched controls (Cardenas et al 2007;Estruch et al 1997;Harper and Kril 1990;Hommer et al 1996;Lee et al 2005;Oishi et al 1999;Pfefferbaum et al 1996Pfefferbaum et al , 2006a. Recent studies quantifying the microstructural integrity of callosal white matter have found DTI to be more sensitive than conventional MRI in detecting callosal compromise in alcoholic women (Pfefferbaum and Sullivan 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%