“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) was found to be a possible target of miRNA-130 -PPAR-γ might regulate adipocyte differentiation and promote both oxidative stress injury and proinflammatory response (Kim et al, 2013;Zhang Y. et al, 2017). Especially in a chronic intermittent hypoxic environment, PPAR-γ is in charge of neuroinflammation development and cognitive performance (Dong et al, 2018;, endothelial cell regulation (Lian et al, 2021), and defense from the kidney (Zhang et al, 2019) or cardiac (Pai et al, 2022) injury. Nocturnal hypercapnia, another hallmark of OSA, can contribute to obesity and metabolic impairment through PPAR-γ dysregulation (Kikuchi et al, 2017).…”