Decreased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma after kidney transplant in Italy and role of mTOR‐inhibitors: 1997–2016

Piselli, Pierluca; Taborelli, Martina; Cimaglia, Claudia; Serraino, Diego

doi:10.1002/ijc.32098

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A strong link between IS and DNM development is also found in the Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a multifocal angioproliferative muco-cutaneous tumor[27] that affects immunodeficient patients infected with human herpesvirus-8. However, in contrast with other DNMs[34,44,45], the KS incidence among the OLT population is constantly dropping. KS affects OLT patients around 500-fold more than the general population[27,44,46,47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: The effect of immunosuppressionn-personal data and review of literature

Manzia¹,

Angelico²,

Gazia³

et al. 2019

WJG

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BACKGROUNDImmunosuppression has undoubtedly raised the overall positive outcomes in the post-operative management of solid organ transplantation. However, long-term exposure to immunosuppression is associated with critical systemic morbidities. De novo malignancies following orthotopic liver transplants (OLTs) are a serious threat in pediatric and adult transplant individuals. Data from different experiences were reported and compared to assess the connection between immunosuppression and de novo malignancies in liver transplant patients.AIMTo study the role of immunosuppression on the incidence of de novo malignancies in liver transplant recipients.METHODSA systematic literature examination about de novo malignancies and immunosuppression weaning in adult and pediatric OLT recipients was described in the present review. Worldwide data were collected from highly qualified institutions performing OLTs. Patient follow-up, immunosuppression discontinuation and incidence of de novo malignancies were reported. Likewise, the review assesses the differences in adult and pediatric recipients by describing the adopted immunosuppression regimens and the different type of diagnosed solid and blood malignancy.RESULTSEmerging evidence suggests that the liver is an immunologically privileged organ able to support immunosuppression discontinuation in carefully selected recipients. Malignancies are often detected in liver transplant patients undergoing daily immunosuppression regimens. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases and skin tumors are the most detected de novo malignancies in the pediatric and adult OLT population, respectively. To date, immunosuppression withdrawal has been achieved in up to 40% and 60% of well-selected adult and pediatric recipients, respectively. In both populations, a clear benefit of immunosuppression weaning protocols on de novo malignancies is difficult to ascertain because data have not been specified in most of the clinical experiences.CONCLUSIONThe selected populations of tolerant pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients greatly benefit from immunosuppression weaning. There is still no strong clinical evidence on the usefulness of immunosuppression withdrawal in OLT recipients on malignancies. An interesting focus is represented by the complete reconstitution of the immunological pathways that could help in decreasing the incidence of de novo malignancies and may also help in treating liver transplant patients suffering from cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: The effect of immunosuppressionn-personal data and review of literature

Manzia¹,

Angelico²,

Gazia³

et al. 2019

WJG

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“…With the development of the mTOR pathway, many scientists have studied the effects of mTOR inhibitors in different tumors [48,[56][57][58]. Because conventional platinum chemotherapy failed to respond to ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), Caumanns et al [59] conducted drug testing of mtorc1/2 inhibitor AZ D8055 in the OCCC cell lines.…”

Section: New Progress In Mtor Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitors in cancer: progress and challenges

et al. 2020

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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis by participating in multiple signaling pathways in the body. Studies have shown that the mTOR signaling pathway is also associated with cancer, arthritis, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, and other diseases. The mTOR signaling pathway, which is often activated in tumors, not only regulates gene transcription and protein synthesis to regulate cell proliferation and immune cell differentiation but also plays an important role in tumor metabolism. Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway is a hot target in anti-tumor therapy research. In recent years, a variety of newly discovered mTOR inhibitors have entered clinical studies, and a variety of drugs have been proven to have high activity in combination with mTOR inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to introduce the role of mTOR signaling pathway on apoptosis, autophagy, growth, and metabolism of tumor cells, and to introduce the research progress of mTOR inhibitors in the tumor field.

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“…The risk of KS is much higher in PLHIV than in transplanted recipients (relative risk 3624 vs. 208 relative to that of the general population, respectively) [64]. Post-transplant KS generally develops 2-3 years after transplantation [68][69][70] and is largely due to HHV8 reactivation in transplant receivers, although HHV8 can also be transmitted by donor organs [71,72].…”

Section: Ks In Immune-suppressed Transplanted Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Grabar

Costagliola

2021

Cancers

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Kaposi’s sarcoma is an angioproliferative tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8 in the context of immunodeficiency, such as that induced by HIV infection or immunosuppressive therapy. Its incidence has dramatically fallen in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) since the introduction of potent antiretroviral combinations 25 years ago due to the restoration of immunity and better control of HIV replication. However, KS is still one of the most frequently occurring cancers in PLHIV, in particular in men who have sex with men and in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is still endemic. Even in the context of restored immunity, the risk of KS is still more than 30 times higher in PLHIV than in the general population. Recent evidence indicates that early initiation of antiretroviral treatment, which is recommended by current guidelines, may reduce the risk of KS but it needs to be accompanied by early access to care. This review mainly focuses on the recent epidemiological features of KS in the context of HIV infection.

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Decreased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma after kidney transplant in Italy and role of mTOR‐inhibitors: 1997–2016

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: The effect of immunosuppressionn-personal data and review of literature

De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: The effect of immunosuppressionn-personal data and review of literature

mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitors in cancer: progress and challenges

Epidemiology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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