Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy

Henderson, B. E.

doi:10.1001/archinte.151.1.75

Cited by 180 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…[1][2][3] There is also preliminary evidence that estrogen use may decrease the risk of colon cancer, 4' 5 and possibly Alzheimer's disease. 6 On the other hand, postmenopausal estrogen, when used as a single drug, increases the risk of endometrial cancer by as much as sevenfold, 3' 7 although this risk has been largely offset by the addition of a progestin to the estrogen regimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States

Willis

Calle

Miracle-McMahill

et al. 1996

Cancer Causes Control

189

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This study examines the relationship between fatal breast cancer and use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) among women in a large prospective study in the United States. After nine years of follow-up, 1,469 breast cancer deaths were observed in a cohort of 422,373 postmenopausal women who were cancer free at study entry and who supplied information on estrogen use. Results from Cox proportional hazards modeling, adjusted for 11 other potential risk factors, showed that ever-use of ERT was associated with a significantly decreased risk of fatal breast cancer (rate ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.94). There was a moderate trend (P = 0.07) of decreasing risk with younger age at first use of ERT. This decreased risk was most pronounced in women who experienced natural menopause before the age of 40 years (RR = 0.59, CI = 0.40-0.87). There was no discernible trend of increasing risk with duration of use in estrogen users at baseline or former users, nor was there any trend in years since last use in former users. The relationship between ERT and breast cancer mortality differed by age at menarche and by a self-reported history of breast cysts. No increased risk of fatal breast cancer with ERT was observed with estrogen use status (baseline/former), age at first use, duration of use, or years since last use. These findings suggest that ever-use of ERT is associated with a 16 percent decreased risk of fatal breast cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States

Willis

Calle

Miracle-McMahill

et al. 1996

Cancer Causes Control

189

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“…Others find estrogen amelioration of disease in Parkinson’s disease [56,57] and recovery from neurotrauma such as stroke [4,58] in the vast majority but not all cases [59]. Mortality from stroke is reduced in postmenopausal subjects who were taking ET at the time of stroke [60,61,62]. Finally, estrogen status plays role in recovery from brain injury [63,64].…”

Section: Clinical Studies Of Estrogens In Neurodegenerative Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection and Estrogen Receptors

Simpkins¹,

Singh²,

Brock³

et al. 2012

Neuroendocrinology

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This review is intended to assess the state of current knowledge on the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the neuroprotective effects of estrogens in models for acute neuronal injury and death. We evaluate the overall evidence that estrogens are neuroprotective in acute injury and critically assess the role of ERα, ERβ, GPR 30, and nonreceptor-mediated mechanisms in these robust neuroprotective effects of this ovarian steroid hormone. We conclude that all three receptors, as well as nonreceptor-mediated mechanisms can be involved in neuroprotection, depending on the model used, the level of estrogen administrated, and the mode of administration of the steroid. Also, the signaling pathways used by both ER-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms to exert neuroprotection are considered. Finally, further studies that are needed to parse out the relative contribution of receptor versus nonreceptor-mediated signaling are discussed.

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“…Die Reduktion der Gesamtmortalität von 25-50% bei HRT-Anwenderinnen war hauptsächlich auf die Senkung kardiovaskulärer Todesfälle zurückzuführen [7,9,11]. …”

Section: Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungenunclassified

Nutzen und Risiken der Hormonersatztherapie im Klimakterium und in der Postmenopause

Ortmann

Weiß

Diedrich

2003

Gyn�kologische Endokrinologie

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In den letzten Monaten hat die Hormonersatztherapie (HRT) im Klimakterium und in der Postmenopause eine Neubewertung erfahren.Dies hängt in erster Linie mit publizierten Resultaten aus randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Studien (RCTs) zusammen.Insbesondere die Women's-Health-Initiative-(WHI-)Studie hat die Einschätzung der Nutzen-Risiko-Relation einer HRT maßgeblich beeinflusst [34]. In der Vergangenheit wurde unser klinisches Handeln vorwiegend auf der Basis von Resultaten aus Beobachtungsstudien (Fallkontroll-und Kohortenstudien) abgeleitet. Das Datenmaterial aus diesen Studien ist sehr umfangreich. Dieser Umstand sowie die biologische Plausibilität vieler Beobachtungen hat wenig Zweifel an der Richtigkeit der Aussagen aufkommen lassen. > Neubewertung von Nutzen und Risiken der Hormonersatztherapie durch die WHI-StudieWenn heute in der Praxis eine HRT verordnet wird,sollte dies aufgrund einer klaren Indikation geschehen. Bei der über-wiegenden Anzahl der Patientinnen wird die HRT wegen eines klimakterischen Syndroms eingeleitet. Auch die Urogenitalatrophie wird lokal und/oder systemisch mit Östrogenen behandelt.Der diesbezüg-liche Nutzen einer HRT ist unumstritten. Es gibt wenige gut wirksame Alternativen.Die längerfristige Anwendung der HRT wurde in der Vergangenheit wegen des präventiven Effektes der Behandlung auf die Osteoporose und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen durchgeführt.Aufgrund der aktuellen Datenlage relativiert sich der Nutzen allerdings,da der kardioprotektive Effekt der HRT zweifelhaft ist. Die Daten der WHI-Studie wurden an anderer Stelle umfangreich kommentiert. Auch Schwachpunkte der Studie wurden aufgezeigt.In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll der derzeitige Kenntnisstand zu Nutzen und Risiken der Hormonersatztherapie resü-miert werden.

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Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy

Cited by 180 publications

References 0 publications

Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States

Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States

Neuroprotection and Estrogen Receptors

Nutzen und Risiken der Hormonersatztherapie im Klimakterium und in der Postmenopause

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