Decreased oxidative stress and altered urinary oxylipidome by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid emulsion in a randomized controlled trial of older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19

Adjunctive therapy with lipid-lowering agents in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Moreover, the pulse rate (p = 0.004) was reported to be higher in the intervention group Ghati et al [ 23 ] 2022 Open-label RCT Statin Hospitalized COVID-19 cases ( n = 440) Atorvastatin 40 mg orally once daily ( n = 221) Control ( n = 219) 52.2 ± 10.4 73.7 There was no statistical difference between the atorvastatin and the control groups in terms of mortality, mechanical ventilation, clinical deterioration, and hospital stay length Hejazi et al [ 24 ] 2022 Triple-blind RCT Statin Hospitalized COVID-19 cases ( n = 40) Atorvastatin 20 mg orally once daily ( n = 20) Placebo ( n = 20) 54.6 ± 14.7 70.0 Atorvastatin had a significant impact on the reduction of oxygen need, serum hs-CRP levels, and hospitalization duration in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild-to-moderate disease Doaei et al [ 13 ] 2021 Double-blind RCT Omega-3 Critically ill COVID-19 patients ( n = 101) Omega-3 1000 mg daily ( n = 28) Nutritional support ( n = 73) 64.5 ± 14.3 59.4 The one-month survival rate was significantly higher in the intervention group. Also, higher levels of arterial pH, HCO3, and Be and lower levels of BUN, Cr, and K were found in the intervention group compared with the control group (all p < 0.05) Pawelzik et al [ 26 ] 2023 Open-label RCT Omega-3 Hospitalized COVID-19 cases ( n = 20) n-3 PUFA emulsion containing 0.1 g/mL of fish oil ( n = 10) Placebo ( n = 10) 80.7 ± 6.2 ...…”

“…The initial search with the keywords explained in supplementary table 1 resulted in 1,607 studies. Finally, after removing duplicates and screening by title and abstract and then full-text of studies, 10 articles remained to be included in our study [ 13 – 16 , 21 – 26 ]. A letter [ 27 ] was excluded from our systematic review due to the same population as the study by Pawelzik et al [ 26 ].…”

“…Finally, after removing duplicates and screening by title and abstract and then full-text of studies, 10 articles remained to be included in our study [ 13 – 16 , 21 – 26 ]. A letter [ 27 ] was excluded from our systematic review due to the same population as the study by Pawelzik et al [ 26 ]. All included studies evaluated the therapeutic role of lipid-lowering agents in COVID-19 patients.…”

“…The baseline features of the studies included in this review are shown in Table 1 . Atorvastatin was assessed in five trials [ 14 , 21 – 24 ], omega-3 in two [ 13 , 26 ], nicotinamide in one [ 15 ], fenofibrate in one [ 16 ], and PCSK9 inhibitors in one [ 25 ]. Most of the studies included hospitalized patients, except for Bikdeli et al [ 21 ] trial which was on COVID-19 cases admitted to ICU, Doaei et al [ 13 ] al.…”

“…Two studies evaluated the efficacy of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids in COVID-19 patients [ 13 , 26 ]. Doaei et al [ 13 ] found a significantly higher 30-day survival rate in the intervention group (omega-3 1000 mg daily) compared with the control, which received only nutritional support (21% vs. 3%, p -value = 0.003) in a double-blind RCT of ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients.…”