Decreased Pattern-Recognition Receptor-Mediated Cytokine mRNA Expression in Obese Children With Otitis Media With Effusion

Abstract

ObjectivesTo assess innate and humoral immune responses in middle ear effusion of obese pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion (OME).MethodsWe evaluated 219 children with OME, of whom 21 were obese and 198 were non-obese. We compared the expression in middle ear effusion of mRNAs encoding toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, 5, and 9; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NOD) 1 and 2; retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I; interleukins (IL)-6, -10, and -12; interferon (IFN)-γ; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNAs. We also compared the expression of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM and the bacterial detection rate in the two groups.ResultsTLR2-mediated expression of IL-6 mRNA, TLR4-mediated expression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA, TLR5-mediated expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α mRNA, TLR9-mediated expression of IL-6 mRNA, and NOD2-mediated expression of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α mRNA were significantly lower in obese than in non-obese children (P<0.05). However, concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM in middle ear effusion were lower in obese than in non-obese children, but none of these differences was significant (P>0.05).ConclusionMean body mass index was higher and pattern-recognition receptor-mediated cytokine mRNA expression was lower in obese than in non-obese children with OME.

Abnormal expression of TLRs may play a role in lower embryo quality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…However, we found that the expression of TLR2/5 increased in overweight/obese PCOS subjects compared with PCOS subjects without overweight/obesity. A previous study has shown that there is an increase in the concentration of TLR5 in blood of obese people [Kim et al 2014]. Using an in vitro adipocyte model shows that tissue metabolism and inflammation in obese humans may be induced by fagellin-activated TLR5 signaling [Pekkala et al 2015].…”

Role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of otitis media

“…Patients with OME show significantly lower levels of NOD1 and NOD2, as well as RIG-1. 79 These decreased PPR expression levels may be associated with the development of recurrent OME, demonstrating the protective role of NOD1, NOD2, and RIG-1 in OM.…”

Panel 5: Immunology

“…13 A study of obese and nonobese children with OME reported, for obese children, decreased TLR-2-mediated expression of IL-6 mRNA; TLR-4-mediated expression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA; TLR-5-mediated expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a mRNA; TLR-9-mediated expression of IL-6 mRNA; and NOD2-mediated expression of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-a mRNA. 42 However, levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in the MEEs did not differ significantly. Comparison of mucosal fluids and peripheral blood responses 43 from AOM children did reveal differences in the effector cytokine responses, IFNg and IL-2, for patterned antigen-recall responses of CD4 T cells.…”