Decreased Sensory Stimulation Reduces Behavioral Responding, Retards Development, and Alters Neuronal Connectivity in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Rose, Jacqueline K.; Sangha, Susan; Rai, Susan; Norman, Kenneth R.; Rankin, Catharine H.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1833-05.2005

Cited by 56 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In particular, individuals raised in the physically enriched treatment group were more exploratory than their siblings in the deprived treatment. This finding corroborates results from earlier studies on spiders (e.g., Carducci and Jakob, 2000;Buchsbaum and Morse, 2012;Bengston et al, 2014), nematodes (Rose et al, 2005), and vertebrates (e.g., Rosenzweig and Bennett, 1996;van Praag et al, 2000). Exploration, as an information-gathering process, might be more beneficial in an enriched (or generally more complex) than in a deprived (or generally very simple) environment with little to explore.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider

et al. 2015

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Individuals of many species across the animal kingdom are found to be less plastic than expected, even in behavioral traits. The existence of consistent behavioral differences between individuals, termed "personality differences", is puzzling, since plastic behavior is considered ideal to enable animals to adaptively respond to changes in environmental conditions. In order to elucidate which mechanisms are important for the evolution of personality differences, it is crucial to understand which aspects of the environment are important for the development of personality differences. Here, we tested whether physical or social aspects of the environment during development influence individual differentiation (mean level of behavior) using the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa. Furthermore, we assessed whether those behaviors were repeatable, i.e. whether personalities existed. We applied a split-brood design and raised spider siblings in three different environments: a deprived environment with no enrichment, a socially and a physically enriched environment. We focused on exploratory behavior and repeatedly assessed individual behavior in a novel environment and a novel object test. Results show that the environment during development influenced spiders' exploratory tendencies: spiders raised in enriched environments tended to be more exploratory. Most investigated behaviors were repeatable (i.e., personalities existed) across all individuals tested, whereas only few behaviors were also repeatable across individuals that had experienced the same environmental condition. Taken together, our results indicate that external stimuli can influence the development of one aspect of personality, the inter-individual variation (mean level of behavior), in a jumping spider. We also found family by environment interactions on behavioral traits potentially suggesting genetic variation in developmental plasticity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider

et al. 2015

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“…Rearing in social isolation may affect nematode behaviour (Rose et al, 2005) and social conditions also affect the expression of fighting and aggressive encounters in animals (Murray, 1987(Murray, , 1989Enquist and Leimar, 1990). Some additional experiments were carried out to confirm that killing is not restricted to very limited rearing or testing conditions.…”

Section: Intraspecific Killing In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference competition in entomopathogenic nematodes: male Steinernema kill members of their own and other species

O’Callaghan

Zenner

Hartley

et al. 2014

International Journal for Parasitology

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a b s t r a c tThere is evidence of competition within and between helminth species, but the mechanisms involved are not well described. In interference competition, organisms prevent each other from using the contested resource through direct negative interactions, either chemical or physical. Steinernema spp. are entomopathogenic nematodes; they enter a living insect host which they kill and consume with the aid of symbiotic bacteria. Several studies have demonstrated intra-and interspecific competition in Steinernema, mediated by a scramble for resources and by incompatibility of the bacterial symbiont. Here we describe a mechanism by which male Steinernema may compete directly for resources, both food (host) and females, by physically injuring or killing members of another species as well as males of their own species. A series of experiments was conducted in hanging drops of insect haemolymph. Males of each of four species (Steinernema longicaudum, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema kraussei and Steinernema feltiae), representing three of the five phylogenetic clades of the genus, killed each other. Within 48 h, up to 86% of pairs included at least one dead male, compared with negligible mortality in single male controls. There was evidence of intraspecific difference: one strain of S. feltiae (4CFMO) killed while another (UK76) did not. Males also killed both females and males of other Steinernema spp. There was evidence of a hierarchy of killing, with highest mortality due to S. longicaudum followed by S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei and S. feltiae. Wax moth larvae were co-infected with members of two Steinernema spp. to confirm that killing also takes place in the natural environment of an insect cadaver. When insects were co-infected with one infective juvenile of each species, S. longicaudum males killed both S. feltiae UK76 and Steinernema hermaphroditum. Wax moths co-infected with larger, equal numbers of S. longicaudum and S. feltiae UK76 produced mainly S. longicaudum progeny, as expected based on hanging drop experiments. Ó

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“…Larvae can be deprived of this mechanical stimulation by raising them in isolation. Mechanically deprived worms show retarded development and reduced behavioral responses (Rose et al, 2005).…”

Section: Effects Of Compartment Culture On Behavior and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agarose hydrogel microcompartments for imaging sleep- and wake-like behavior and nervous system development in Caenorhabditis elegans larvae

Bringmann

2011

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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a b s t r a c tCaenorhabditis elegans larvae display specific behavior and development that is not observed in adults. For example, larvae go through a molting cycle that includes a sleep-like state prior to the molt. The study of these processes requires high-resolution long-term observation of individual animals. Here we describe a method for simultaneous culture and observation of several individual young C. elegans larvae inside agarose hydrogel-based arrayed microcompartments. We used agarose hydrogel microcompartments to observe and quantify larval specific sleep-wake-like behavior and to observe neuronal rewiring using confocal fluorescence microscopy without acute immobilization. We found no behavioral aberrations caused by area restriction. We show that worms cultured inside hydrogel microcompartments develop into normal adults. Thus, hydrogel microcompartments appear useful for long-term observation of larval behavior and development.

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Decreased Sensory Stimulation Reduces Behavioral Responding, Retards Development, and Alters Neuronal Connectivity inCaenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider

Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider

Interference competition in entomopathogenic nematodes: male Steinernema kill members of their own and other species

Agarose hydrogel microcompartments for imaging sleep- and wake-like behavior and nervous system development in Caenorhabditis elegans larvae

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