Decreased serum human leukocyte antigen‐G levels are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aim This study was designed to determine serum human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) levels and establish whether serum HLA‐G level is related with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Twenty‐five GDM patients aged between 24 and 34 years and 24 healthy pregnant women aged between 22 and 33 years were included in this study. Health status of subjects was determined by medical history, physical, and obstetric examinations. Absence of family history for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, absence of diagnosis or clinical evidence of any major disease, and absence of medication use altering glucose metabolism constituted the inclusion criteria. GDM cases who are at their 24–28 weeks of pregnancy and who have not been using any oral hypoglycemic agents were included in GDM group. Control group consisted of healthy pregnant women at their 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. Results Women with GDM had significantly lower levels of serum HLA‐G than controls. HLA‐G levels were negatively correlated with all parameters of glucose metabolism including insulin (r = − 0.14; p = 0.338), fasting blood glucose (r = − 0.220; p = 0.129), 1‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose (r = − 0.18; p = 0.271), 2‐h OGTT blood glucose (r = − 0.314; p = 0.172), homeostasis model assessment (r = − 0.226; p = 0.119), HbA1C (r = −0.342; p = 0.108), and WBC (r = −0.149; p = 0.307). There was a negative correlation between HLA‐G and BMI (r = −0.341; p = 0.016). Conclusion Decreased circulating HLA‐G level is found to be associated with insulin resistance and GDM, in this study.

The HLA-G Immune Checkpoint Plays a Pivotal Role in the Regulation of Immune Response in Autoimmune Diseases

“…These changes concerned the functional impairment of diabetic multinucleated cells as well as monocytes and macrophages compared to controls [155]. The involvement of HLA-G molecules in glucose tolerance has also been confirmed by other scientists, including Saeide-sadat Shobeiri et al [156], Abdel Hameed et al [157], and Oztekin et al [158] in the course of gestational diabetes.…”

Effect of Evidence-Based Diet Nursing on Intestinal Flora and Maternal and Infant Prognosis in Patients with Gestational Diabetes

“…Intestinal flora is closely related to energy metabolism and abnormal of it can affect weight control and immune function [24,25]. High glucose status in patients with gestational diabetes can alter the intestinal environment and cause changes in intestinal pH [26][27][28].…”