Decreased T1 Contrast between Gray Matter and Normal-Appearing White Matter in CADASIL

Guio, François De; Reyes, Sergio; Duering, Marco; Pirpamer, Lukas; Jouvent, Éric

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a3639

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Another possibility is that the relatively free water might be first replaced by D 2 O; the remaining signal on IR‐UTE images would be dominated by bound water, such as that trapped in macromolecules, and could have a relatively short T 1 . Prolonged D 2 O exchange for up to 7 days led to a T 1 increase (data not shown here), possibly because of a loss of macromolecular peptides as a result of tissue degeneration . The T 2 * values remained relatively constant despite changes in T 1 of GM L and WM L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T₂ tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D₂O exchange study

Fan

Chang

et al. 2017

NMR in Biomedicine

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Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time (IR-UTE) imaging holds the potential to directly characterize MR signals from ultrashort T2 tissue components (STCs), such as collagen in cartilage and myelin in brain. Application of IR-UTE for myelin imaging has been challenging because of high water content in brain and there is a possibility that the ultrashort T2* signals are contaminated by water protons including those associated with myelin sheaths. This study investigated such possibility in an ovine brain D2O exchange model and explored the potential of IR-UTE imaging for quantifying ultrashort T2* signals in both white and grey matter at 3T. Five specimens were examined before and after sequential immersion in 99.9% D2O. Long T2 MR signals were measured using a clinical proton density-weighted fast spin echo (PD-FSE) sequence. IR-UTE images were first acquired with different inversion times to determine the optimal inversion time to null the long T2 signals (TInull). Then at this TInull, images with TEs of 0.01-4 ms were acquired to measure the T2*s of STCs. The PD-FSE signal dropped to near zero after 24 hours of immersion in D2O. A wide range of TInulls were used at different time points (240–330 ms for white matter, and 320–350 ms for grey matter at TR = 1000 ms) because the T1s of long T2 tissue components changed significantly. The T2*s of STCs were 200–300 μs in both white and grey matter (comparable with values obtained from myelin powder and its mixture with D2O or H2O), and showed minimal changes after sequential immersion. The ultrashort T2* signals seen on IR-UTE images are unlikely to be from water protons since they are exchangeable with deuterons in D2O. The source is more likely to be myelin itself in white matter, and might be as well associated with other membranous structures in grey matter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T₂ tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D₂O exchange study

Fan

Chang

et al. 2017

NMR in Biomedicine

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“…FreeSurfer pipeline includes data resampling, standardized stereotaxic space normalization, intensity non-uniformity correction using N3, skull stripping, tessellation of the gray/white matter boundary, automated topology correction, and surface deformation to optimally delineate the gray/white matter and gray matter/cerebrospinal fluid boundaries [27], [28]. As previously reported, masks of white matter hyperintensities were obtained from FLAIR sequences and registered to 3D T1 images [9], [29]. Reconstructed datasets were always visually inspected for accuracy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo High-Resolution 7 Tesla MRI Shows Early and Diffuse Cortical Alterations in CADASIL

et al. 2014

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Background and PurposeRecent data suggest that early symptoms may be related to cortex alterations in CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), a monogenic model of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The aim of this study was to investigate cortical alterations using both high-resolution T2* acquisitions obtained with 7 Tesla MRI and structural T1 images with 3 Tesla MRI in CADASIL patients with no or only mild symptomatology (modified Rankin’s scale ≤1 and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥24).MethodsComplete reconstructions of the cortex using 7 Tesla T2* acquisitions with 0.7 mm isotropic resolution were obtained in 11 patients (52.1±13.2 years, 36% male) and 24 controls (54.8±11.0 years, 42% male). Seven Tesla T2* within the cortex and cortical thickness and morphology obtained from 3 Tesla images were compared between CADASIL and control subjects using general linear models.ResultsMMSE, brain volume, cortical thickness and global sulcal morphology did not differ between groups. By contrast, T2* measured by 7 Tesla MRI was significantly increased in frontal, parietal, occipital and cingulate cortices in patients after correction for multiple testing. These changes were not related to white matter lesions, lacunes or microhemorrhages in patients having no brain atrophy compared to controls.ConclusionsSeven Tesla MRI, by contrast to state of the art post-processing of 3 Tesla acquisitions, shows diffuse T2* alterations within the cortical mantle in CADASIL whose origin remains to be determined.

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“…Half of the patients had lacunes in the WM, which may also alter the WM V estimation. Finally, WM is darker on 3DT1 sequences in patients with CADASIL compared with controls, 5 leading to potential errors when estimating the relative volume of gray and WM. However, all these potential sources of error would lead to underestimation of WM V in patients and are thus unlikely to explain the present results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, measures of WM volume rely on gray to WM contrast, which is altered in CADASIL. 5 A demonstration of a larger WM volume would be strengthened by results obtained through indirect but more reliable measures. We hypothesize that, if WM volume is larger, the ratio of the cortical surface area (CSA) to the volume Background and Purpose-Recently, in a mouse model of cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, a monogenic cerebral small vessel disease, intramyelinic edema was detected in the white matter (WM) early during the course of the disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

White Matter Edema at the Early Stage of Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

Guio

Mangin

Duering

et al. 2015

Stroke

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Background and Purpose— Recently, in a mouse model of cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, a monogenic cerebral small vessel disease, intramyelinic edema was detected in the white matter (WM) early during the course of the disease. We hypothesized that if this mechanism holds true in patients, it would translate in larger WM volume. We aimed to measure WM volume in patients with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls, along with the ratio of cortical surface area to the volume of brain hemispheres as an indirect measure that should be reduced in patients. Methods— Twenty patients at the early stage of the disease (Mini Mental State Examination >24 and modified Rankin scale ≤1) and 27 age- and sex-matched controls had high-quality 3-Tesla 3DT1 MRI acquisitions. Volumes of brain hemispheres and of WM were determined. The ratio of cortical surface area to the volume of brain hemispheres was evaluated as a proxy of underlying WM volume. Results— Patients had larger volumes of WM than controls (patients: 479.4±71.7; controls: 463.9±44.2; P =0.03). They presented a lower cortical surface area and cortical volume leading to a lower ratio of cortical surface area to the volume of brain hemispheres (patients: 15.7±0.7; controls: 16.1±0.5; P =0.004). Volume of WM tended to be associated with that of WM hyperintensities ( P =0.06). Conclusions— Patients with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy have larger WM volume than age- and sex-matched controls, a finding compatible with the hypothesis of intramyelinic edema as observed recently in mice.

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Decreased T1 Contrast between Gray Matter and Normal-Appearing White Matter in CADASIL

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T₂ tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D₂O exchange study

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T₂ tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D₂O exchange study

In Vivo High-Resolution 7 Tesla MRI Shows Early and Diffuse Cortical Alterations in CADASIL

White Matter Edema at the Early Stage of Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

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Decreased T1 Contrast between Gray Matter and Normal-Appearing White Matter in CADASIL

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T2 tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D2O exchange study

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T2 tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D2O exchange study

In Vivo High-Resolution 7 Tesla MRI Shows Early and Diffuse Cortical Alterations in CADASIL

White Matter Edema at the Early Stage of Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

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Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T₂ tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D₂O exchange study

Inversion recovery ultrashort echo time imaging of ultrashort T₂ tissue components in ovine brain at 3 T: a sequential D₂O exchange study