2011
DOI: 10.1086/661774
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Decreasing Urea∶Trimethylamine N-Oxide Ratios with Depth in Chondrichthyes: A Physiological Depth Limit?

Abstract: In marine osmoconformers, cells use organic osmolytes to maintain osmotic balance with seawater. High levels of urea are utilized in chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras) for this purpose. Because of urea's perturbing nature, cells also accumulate counteracting methylamines, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), at about a 2∶1 urea∶methylamine ratio, the most thermodynamically favorable mixture for protein stabilization, in shallow species. However, previous work on deep-sea teleosts (15 speci… Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…4B). This reciprocal accumulation of stabilizing osmolytes with decreasing levels of urea is consistent with a strategy of recruiting the stabilizing effects of trimethylamines to balance the destabilizing effects of pressure and urea on proteins (Laxson et al, 2011). …”
Section: Osmoregulationsupporting
confidence: 69%
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“…4B). This reciprocal accumulation of stabilizing osmolytes with decreasing levels of urea is consistent with a strategy of recruiting the stabilizing effects of trimethylamines to balance the destabilizing effects of pressure and urea on proteins (Laxson et al, 2011). …”
Section: Osmoregulationsupporting
confidence: 69%
“…Among chondrichthyans, Laxson et al (2011) showed that the decline in muscle urea content with depth of capture intercepts zero urea at approximately 4700 m, which is close to the maximum recorded depths of capture for chondrichthyans (∼4000 m). Our regression, using MDO, intercepts zero urea near 6000 m, well beyond known chondrichthyan depth limits (Fig.…”
Section: High Hydrostatic Pressuresupporting
confidence: 52%
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