Decussations of the descending paraventricular pathways to the brainstem and spinal cord autonomic centers

Tóth, Zsuzsanna; Gallatz, Katalin; Fodor, Mariann; Palkovits, Miklós

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19991115)414:2<255::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 58 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Energy homoeostasis regulatory pathways to BAT have been identified to relay from the Arc via the PVN directly projecting to the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord 50 , 51 , with another one relaying from the PVN to the locus coeruleus and brain stem to control BAT function 38 . In particular, the later one is a key factor where Arc NPY neurons exert an inhibitory tone on PVN TH neurons subsequently reducing sympathetic outflow to BAT 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis requires neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling

Zhang

Lee

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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Excess caloric intake results in increased fat accumulation and an increase in energy expenditure via diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms controlling these processes are unclear. Here we identify the neuropeptide FF receptor-2 (NPFFR2) as a critical regulator of diet-induced thermogenesis and bone homoeostasis. Npffr2−/− mice exhibit a stronger bone phenotype and when fed a HFD display exacerbated obesity associated with a failure in activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic response to energy excess, whereas the activation of cold-induced BAT thermogenesis is unaffected. NPFFR2 signalling is required to maintain basal arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expression. Lack of NPFFR2 signalling leads to a decrease in BAT thermogenesis under HFD conditions with significantly lower UCP-1 and PGC-1α levels in the BAT. Together, these data demonstrate that NPFFR2 signalling promotes diet-induced thermogenesis via a novel hypothalamic NPY-dependent circuitry thereby coupling energy homoeostasis with energy partitioning to adipose and bone tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis requires neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling

Zhang

Lee

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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“…A5 and C1 cell groups; Luiten et al 1985;Palkovits, 1999). Importantly, these peptidergic, medullary-projecting PVN neurons also directly innervate the sensory noradrenergic neurons in the A1 and A2 cell groups that provide viscero-somatosensory inputs to the PVN (Swanson & Kuypers, 1980;Luiten et al 1985;Toth et al 1999), indicating that PVN neurons are reciprocally connected with catecholaminergic neurons in the dorsal (A2) and ventral brainstem (A1).…”

Section: The Reciprocal Nts-pvn-nts Control Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise‐induced neuronal plasticity in central autonomic networks: role in cardiovascular control

Michelini

Stern

2009

Experimental Physiology

146

108

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It is now well established that brain plasticity is an inherent property not only of the developing, but also of the adult brain. Numerous beneficial effects of exercise, including improved memory, cognitive function and neuroprotection, have been shown to involve an important neuroplastic component. However, whether major adaptive cardiovascular adjustments during exercise, needed to ensure proper blood perfusion of peripheral tissues, also require brain neuroplasticity, is presently unknown. This review will critically evaluate current knowledge on proposed mechanisms that likely underlie the continuous resetting of baroreflex control of heart rate during/after exercise and following exercise training. Accumulating evidence indicates that not only somatosensory afferents (conveyed by skeletal muscle receptors, baroreceptors and/or cardiopulmonary receptors), but also projections arising from central command neurons (in particular peptidergic hypothalamic preautonomic neurons) converge into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in the dorsal brainstem, to coordinate complex cardiovascular adaptations during dynamic exercise. This review focuses in particular on a reciprocally interconnected network between the NTS and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is proposed to act as a pivotal anatomical and functional substrate underlying integrative feed-forward and feed-back cardiovascular adjustments during exercise. Recent findings supporting neuroplastic adaptive changes within the NTS-PVN reciprocal network (e.g., remodeling of afferent inputs, structural and functional neuronal plasticity, and changes in neurotransmitter content), will be discussed within the context of their role as important underlying cellular mechanisms supporting the tonic activation and improved efficacy of these central pathways in response to circulatory demand at rest and during exercise, both in sedentary and trained individuals. We hope this review will stimulate more comprehensive studies aimed at understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms within CNS neuronal networks contributing to exercise-induced neuroplasticity and cardiovascular adjustments.

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“…The hypothalamic PVN is an integration center in the brain with bilateral neuronal connections to several brain areas including the A1 and A2 catecholaminergic cell groups in the medulla (Sawchenko and Swanson 1982;Luiten et al 1985;Toth et al 1999). Therefore, we performed bilateral PVN lesions prior to RR in male rats.…”

Section: Effect Of Bilateral Pvn Lesions On Chronic Repeated Restrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic repeated restraint stress increases prolactin‐releasing peptide/tyrosine‐hydroxylase ratio with gender‐related differences in the rat brain

Tóth

Zelena

Mergl

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurochemistry

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In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic repeated restraint (RR) on prolactin‐releasing peptide (PrRP) expression. In the brainstem, where PrRP colocalize with norepinephrine in neurons of the A1 and A2 catecholaminergic cell groups, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has also been examined. In the brainstem, but not in the hypothalamus, the basal PrRP expression in female rats was higher than that in the males that was abolished by ovariectomy. RR evoked an elevation of PrRP expression in all areas investigated, with smaller reaction in the brainstems of females. There was no gender‐related difference in the RR‐evoked TH expression. Elevation of PrRP was relatively higher than elevation of TH, causing a shift in PrRP/TH ratio in the brainstem after RR. Estrogen α receptors were found in the PrRP neurons of the A1 and A2 cell groups, but not in the hypothalamus. Bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus did not prevent RR‐evoked changes. Elevated PrRP production parallel with increased PrRP/TH ratio in A1/A2 neurons indicate that: (i) there is a clear difference in the regulation of TH and PrRP expression after RR, and (ii) among other factors this may also contribute to the changed sensitivity of the hypothalamo‐pituitary–adrenal axis during chronic stress.

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Decussations of the descending paraventricular pathways to the brainstem and spinal cord autonomic centers

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis requires neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling

Diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis requires neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling

Exercise‐induced neuronal plasticity in central autonomic networks: role in cardiovascular control

Chronic repeated restraint stress increases prolactin‐releasing peptide/tyrosine‐hydroxylase ratio with gender‐related differences in the rat brain

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