Deep brain–machine interfaces: sensing and modulating the human deep brain

Abstract

Different from the conventional brain machine interfaces which focus more on decoding cerebral cortex, deep brain machine interfaces enable interactions between external machines and deep brain structures. They sense and modulate deep brain neural activities, aiming at function restoration, device control and therapeutic improvements. In this article, we provide an overview of multiple deep brain recording and stimulation techniques which can serve as deep brain machine interfaces. We highlight two widely used interface technologies, deep brain stimulation and stereotactic electroencephalography, for technical trends, clinical applications and brain connectivity research. We discuss the potential to develop closed-loop deep brain machine interfaces and achieve more effective and applicable systems for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Brain–computer interface digital prescription for neurological disorders

“…As shown in Figure 1, the application of BCI in clinical practice has gradually evolved from brain control of external devices to brain regulation through interfaces. Design interfaces with other Assistive technology according to use needs, such as combining virtual reality augmented reality to design rehabilitation training scenes and tasks, and combining various invasive and non‐invasive nerve modulation technologies, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and cortical electrical stimulation to regulate neural function 15 …”

Applications of Brain Computer Interface in Present Healthcare Setting

“…Finally, DBS, on the other hand, entails the implantation of electrodes deep within specific brain regions associated with neurological disorders and delivers electrical impulses through the implanted electrodes to modulate and restore balanced neural activity [32,33]. It is a prominent application of BCI technology within the present healthcare setting as ongoing research is exploring the integration of these two approaches.…”

Organoid Intelligence: Bridging Artificial Intelligence for Biological Computing and Neurological Insights

“…BCIs provide a unique window into these networks, allowing scientists to monitor and interpret the electrical activity of the brain in real-time. The intricate connections between different brain regions are essential for cognitive functions [63]. Brain organoids provide a unique opportunity to study neural connectivity and synapse formation.…”