Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Therapeutic High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease Produces Global Increases in Cerebral Blood Flow

“…In PD, STN-DBS significantly improves tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, often allows a significant reduction in the therapeutic doses of medication thereby reducing dyskinesias, and is associated with improvements in activities of daily living and quality of life. The most common cognitive sequelae of STN-DBS seem to be a period of postoperative confusion (Benabid et al, 2009) in some individuals and reduced performance on tests of verbal fluency, although this is not a consistent finding (Witt et al, 2004;Parsons et al, 2006).…”

“…Chronic electrical stimulation of deep brain structures has become widely used in the treatment of movement disorders (Vitek, 2008;Benabid et al, 2009). Tens of thousands of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are treated with high-frequency, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) worldwide (Volkmann, 2007).…”

“…In spite of the widespread successful application of STN-DBS in PD, the therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood (Vitek, 2008;Benabid et al, 2009). Originally conceived as a 'reversible lesion' that controlled an overly active STN, STN-DBS is now viewed as producing a more complex neurophysiological response (Vitek, 2008).…”

Intracerebral quantitative chromophore estimation from reflectance spectra captured during deep brain stimulation implantation

“…Deep brain stimulation (DBS) [1] has become the most common surgical treatment for the symptoms of neurological movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor and dystonia. In DBS, implanted electrodes are used to disrupt the pathologic neural activity in certain deep brain structures such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and zona incerta (ZI) in the subthalamus for PD [2], the ventrointermediate nucleus in the thalamus for essential tremor [3] or the globus pallidus internus (GPi) for dystonia [4].…”

Stereotactic implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes: a review of technical systems, methods and emerging tools

“…Technological advances have made it possible for patients suffering from a wide range of neurological symptoms to receive effective relief by means of cochlear implants, cortical and deep brain stimulators, and systems for spinal cord, vagus, and gastric nerve stimulation [94]. Among these techniques deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become one of the most important interventional methods in functional neurosurgery today, and more than 40,000 DBS implant procedures have been performed worldwide [10]. Research on DBS is currently being performed in many clinics, and over 4200 scientific publications (PubMed Jan. 12, 2010) related to DBS have been published, but only very few of them are technical ones.…”