Deep eutectic solvent as a green solvent for enhanced extraction of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin from Aurantii Fructus

Abstract

Introduction In the present study, a green and efficient extraction method using deep eutectic solvents as extraction solvent was developed for extracting the four major active compounds narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin from Aurantii Fructus. Methodology A series of tunable deep eutectic solvents were prepared and investigated by mixing choline chloride or betaine to different hydrogen‐bond donors, and betaine/ethanediol was found to be the most suitable extraction solvent. To achieve the best extraction yield, the primary factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as hydrogen‐bond acceptor/hydrogen‐bond donor ratio, water content in deep eutectic solvents, extraction temperature, solid/liquid ratio and extraction time, were investigated. Results The optimal extraction conditions were 40% of water in betaine/ethanediol (1:4) at 60°C for heated extraction of 30 min and solid/liquid ratio 1:100 g/mL. Under the optimum extraction condition, the extraction yields of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin were 8.39 ± 0.61, 83.98 ± 1.92, 3.03 ± 0.35 and 35.94 ± 0.63 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than those of methanol as extraction solvent (5.5 ± 0.48, 64.23 ± 1.51, 2.16 ± 0.15 and 30.14 ± 0.62 mg/g). Conclusion The present results showed that deep eutectic solvents could be promising green and efficient solvents for extraction of the bioactive ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine.

Solvent accessibility limitation by plant matrix compounds in extraction of rutin from Solanum lycopersicum

“…For solvent to feed ratios below 300, only reduced yields were achieved. Several authors also reported a dependency of extraction yield on solvent to feed ratio . Similarly, they found that an increase of solvent to feed ratio generally leads to an increase of the yield of the target compound.…”

Sustainable Green Procedure for Extraction of Hesperidin from Selected Croatian Mandarin Peels

“…The chosen extraction parameters were 50 • C, 20% H 2 O content and 30 min. The extraction time of 30 minutes and extraction temperature was chosen according to our own experience, as well as according to Liu et al [17] who have shown that 30 min was the optimal time to extract hesperidin. Water content is important for reducing viscosity, but very high water content reduces the interaction between components, therefore, 20% (v/v) of water was selected.…”

“…When mixed in a certain ratio and depending on the type of used HBD and HBA, DESs with desirable properties are produced [15]. Recently, DESs are being used for the extraction of flavonoids from various fruits, vegetables and spices [16], as well as from Citrus aurantium L. [17] and the orange (Citrus sinensis) peels [18] where the DESs composition, concentration of added water, solid-to-liquid ratio and the effect of time, temperature and stirring speed on the extraction yield and composition of extracted flavonoids have been investigated. According to the results, DESs showed higher extraction yields and an increase in the solubility of active constituents compared to the other traditional solvents.…”

Efficient extraction and determination of prenylflavonol glycosides in Epimedium pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents

“…Thus, DESs possess the same favourable properties as ILs, including negligible volatility at room temperature, wide liquid range, tunable viscosity, superior thermal stability and designable structures . Additionally, DESs are considered superior to ILs for the properties of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and lower costs for preparation, and have been used in various chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, and extraction processes of chemical compounds …”

“…[6][7][8] Additionally, DESs are considered superior to ILs for the properties of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and lower costs for preparation, and have been used in various chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, and extraction processes of chemical compounds. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The Epimedium herb, Yinyanghuo in Chinese, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine. In the 2015 version of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, "Yinyanghuo" were identified as the dried leaves of E. brevicornu Maxim., E. sagittatum (Sieb.…”