Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by smartphone digital image colorimetry for the determination of carbofuran in water samples

Zhao, Luyao; Wang, Min; wang, jiadong; Wu, Jing; Zhang, Zhuoting; Jing, Xu; Wang, Xiaowen

doi:10.1039/d2ay01861f

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Conversely, when the volume of DES5 exceeded 150 μL, a decline in the peak areas was observed. This reduction may have resulted from the excessive volume of the extractant, causing a decrease in the enrichment effect [ 34 ]. Therefore, considering both the extraction efficacy and the economic implications, a volume of 150 μL was selected as the optimal volume for DES5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

et al. 2023

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This research presents a novel, eco-friendly, vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME) approach, integrating hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with HPLC for the identification and quantification of nine specific flavonoids in Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). The parameters of DES-VALLME, including the ratio of trioctylmethylammonium chloride to 1,4-butanediol (1:6), DES volume (150 μL), vortex duration (5 min), the concentration of NaCl (0.40 g), and centrifugation time (10 min), were optimized to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency of target substances. Under these optimal conditions, quantitative analyses performed via HPLC demonstrated a broad linear range of 0.20–50.00 μg/mL and correlation coefficients (r2) greater than 0.9944 for all nine calibration curves. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.09–0.18 μg/mL and 0.30–0.60 μg/mL, respectively, ensuring high sensitivity. The relative standard deviations for intra-day and inter-day variability were within the acceptable range, 2.34–3.77% and 3.04–4.96%, respectively, demonstrating the method’s reliability. The recovery rates ranged from 85.97% to 108.11%, underscoring the method’s precision. This technique exhibited a significant enrichment effect (enrichment factor: 43 to 296) on SAV flavonoids. Notably, the eco-friendliness of this procedure was evaluated using the Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical Greenness Metric. The results suggested that this technique is a viable green alternative to traditional flavonoid determination methods in SAV. In summary, this novel method provides a theoretical basis for assessing flavonoid content in SAV samples and tracing SAV products. This contribution has significant implications for enhancing analytical techniques in food chemistry and environmental science and the sustainable development of the food industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

et al. 2023

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“…This is likely due to insufficient extraction of the targeted compounds given the limited volume of DES1 [35]. The peak area of the target analytes decreased as the volume of EDS1 was increased from 400 µL to 600 µL, probably due to the dilution effect of more extractant solvent for the target analytes [36].…”

Section: Extraction Solvent Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Detection of Catechins and Epicatechins in Shanxi Aged Vinegar Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with HPLC

Bai,

Shen,

Meng

et al. 2024

Molecules

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This research presents a new, eco-friendly, and swift method combining solid-phase extraction and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) with high-performance liquid chromatography (SPE-DES-HPLC) for extracting and quantifying catechin and epicatechin in Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). The parameters, such as the elution solvent type, the XAD-2 macroporous resin dosage, the DES ratio, the DES volume, the adsorption time, and the desorption time, were optimized via a one-way experiment. A central composite design using the Box–Behnken methodology was employed to investigate the effects of various factors, including 17 experimental runs and the construction of three-dimensional response surface plots to identify the optimal conditions. The results show that the optimal conditions were an HDES (tetraethylammonium chloride and octanoic acid) ratio of 1:3, an XAD-2 macroporous resin dosage of 188 mg, and an adsorption time of 11 min. Under these optimal conditions, the coefficients of determination of the method were greater than or equal to 0.9917, the precision was less than 5%, and the recoveries ranged from 98.8% to 118.8%. The environmentally friendly nature of the analytical process and sample preparation was assessed via the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE, demonstrating that this method is a practical and eco-friendly alternative to conventional determination techniques. In summary, this innovative approach offers a solid foundation for the assessment of flavanol compounds present in SAV samples.

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Green miniaturized technologies based sample preparation techniques

Parmar,

Jain,

Jain

et al. 2024

Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry

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Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by smartphone digital image colorimetry for the determination of carbofuran in water samples

Abstract: A detection method of carbofuran (CBF) in water samples was reported using deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with digital image colorimetry (DIC), which was environmentally friendly,...

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

Separation and Detection of Catechins and Epicatechins in Shanxi Aged Vinegar Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with HPLC

Green miniaturized technologies based sample preparation techniques

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