Deep Eutectic Solvent Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction: A Rapid Microextraction Technique for the Determination of Vitamin D₃ by Spectrophotometry

Abstract

In this paper, a new microextraction method, named deep eutectic solvent stir bar sorptive extraction (DES−SBSE), is described that utilizes a hydrophobic DES (hDES) as a coating for SBSE. As a model, vitamin D 3 was extracted efficiently by this technique from different real samples before its spectrophotometric determination. A conventional magnet was encapsulated inside a glass bar (1.0 cm × 2 mm) and coated by the hDES consisting of tetrabutylammonium chloride and heptadecanoic acid (mole ratio 1:2). Parameters affecting microextraction were studied and optimized by onevariable-at-a-time, central composite design, and Box−Behnken design methods. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit of 0.08 μg L −1 could be reached. The linear range of the method was between 0.5 and 1000.0 μg L −1 for the analyte. Precision for intraday repeatability and interday reproducibility of the method was better than 3.1 and 4.2, respectively. A single stir bar could be used for at least 50 successive extractions and the batch-to-batch reproducibility of SB coated with hDES was 4.5%.

Application of a novel deep eutectic solvent modified carbon nanotube for pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction of 6-mercaptopurine

“…They have distinctive features such as a low toxicity and cost of preparation, low flammability, biodegradability, and can be prepared with a wide range of polarities, which make them suitable for any extraction processes, including drugs [ 18 ]. For preconcentration of some of drugs, CNTs and poly (methylene blue) redox polymer prepared in ethaline DES [ 19 ], DES loaded onto graphene oxide [ 20 ], and DES stir bar sorptive extraction [ 21 ] were already used which showed excellent results. However, no report we could find on using a CNT coated with a hydrophobic DES for drug extraction.…”