Deep Investigation of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Air

Avino, Pasquale; Casciardi, Stefano; Fanizza, Carla; Manigrasso, Maurizio

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2010.10.0086

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The starting point of this study was to define what the relevant part of aerosol and its measure to be in Rome considering that in such urban area combustive sources represent the main contributors to submicrometric aerosol (Manigrasso et al, 2009;Fanizza et al, 2010;Avino et al, 2011). The Fig.…”

Section: Ultrafine Particle Determination In Downtown Romementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several studies on aerosol particle number concentrations and size distribution have been published (Manigrasso et al, 2009;Fanizza et al, 2010;Avino et al, 2011; evidencing that particles in the ultrafine size range (< 100 nm) pose special problems to the lungs due to their high efficiency of deposition. Several epidemiological studies have shown associations among ambient ultrafine particles and human respiratory or cardiovascular diseases (Delfino et al, 1998;Donaldson et al, 2001;Peters et al, 2001;Von Klot et al, 2002;Brook et al, 2002;Avino and Brocco, 2004;Petraccia et al, 2005;Dominici et al, 2006;Simkhovich et al, 2008;Oliva et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regional Deposition of Submicrometer Aerosol in the Human Respiratory System Determined at 1-s Time Resolution of Particle Size Distribution Measurements

Avino

Lopez

Manigrasso

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Submicrometer aerosol size number distributions have been measured in downtown Rome with 1 s time resolution. From these data, the particle deposition in the human respiratory system has been assessed for infants, children and adults under different exercise levels. The estimates are reported as size segregated percentages and as total particle numbers deposited. The greatest percentages of particles are deposited in the alveolar interstitial region. Deposited doses, expressed per unit body weight or per unit alveolar surface area, indicate that children and infants are more at risk than adults. Following vehicle exhausts, nucleation particle concentrations increase within a few seconds and decrease in the time scale of tens of seconds. In accordance with traffic cycles, such particles are very common during the day, and decrease at night, when accumulation mode particles are more prevalent. As a consequence, the exposure scenario, in proximity to traffic, may be represented by a sequence of short-term peak exposures. The appraisal of such brief exposures depends on the time resolution of measurements, being underestimated if aerosol measurements are performed with resolutions on the time scale of minutes. The health relevance of such exposure patterns needs to be investigated, and the relevant measurement averaging time should also be defined.

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Section: Ultrafine Particle Determination In Downtown Romementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Deposition of Submicrometer Aerosol in the Human Respiratory System Determined at 1-s Time Resolution of Particle Size Distribution Measurements

Avino

Lopez

Manigrasso

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…According to several studies (Dan et al, 2004;Na et al, 2004;Duan et al, 2005;Avino et al, 2011), the impact of SOC cannot be ignored. With the increase in photochemical reactions, SOC attributes high contributions to carbonaceous matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Study of Primary and Secondary Sources of Carbonaceous Species in PM10 from Five Northern Chinese Cities

Tian

Xiao

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 10 samples were collected from five northern Chinese cities (Tianjin, Anyang, Ji'nan, Kaifeng and Taiyuan) during the winter and summer months. Carbonaceous species concentrations in the PM 10 samples from these cities were then measured. The concentration values show that PM 10 , organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) exhibited relatively high concentrations during winter months as opposed to the summer months for all five cities. The contributions from primary and secondary sources were estimated using the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) and the CMB-Iteration models. The results of two models were comparable, and results showed that the coal combustion and crustal dust were the most important source categories for both seasons. Additionally, seasonal variations of species mass fractions in receptors were analyzed, as well as variations in the estimated source percentage contributions. Seasonal variations of species mass fractions agreed with the variations of source percentage contributions for the five cities. Finally, primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, and their seasonal variations, were estimated. We found that SOC showed relatively high concentrations (μg/m 3 ) in the winter, while the SOC/TOC ratios in the summer were higher than those in the winter.

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“…Ultrafine particles are extremely small when compared with the cellular structures and have a high surface area per unit mass [29][30][31]. They form aggregates and are easily deposited as aggregates in the lungs, where it can then disaggregate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicron Particles during Macro- and Micro-Weldings Procedures in Industrial Indoor Environments and Health Implications for Welding Operators

Avino

Manigrasso

Pandolfi³

et al. 2015

Metals

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Abstract:One of the emerging risks in the engineering and electronic industries is the exposure of workers to ultrafine particles during (micro-)welding operations, i.e., processes used for joining two metal parts heated locally, which constitute the base metal, with or without addition of another metal which is the filler metal, melted between the edges to be joined. The process is accompanied by formation of metallic fumes arising from the molten metal as well as by the emission of metal fumes of variable composition depending on the alloys welded and fused. The aim of this paper is to investigate the number, concentration and size distribution of submicron particles produced by (micro-)welding processes. Particle number size distribution is continuously measured during (micro-)welding operations by means of two instruments, i.e., Fast Mobility Particle Sizer and Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor. The temporal variation of the particle number size distribution across the peaks evidences the strong and fast-evolving contribution of nucleation mode particles: peak values are maintained for less than 10 s. The implication of such contribution on human health is linked to the high deposition efficiency of submicronic particles in the alveolar interstitial region of the human respiratory system, where gas exchange occurs. OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 1046

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Deep Investigation of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Air

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Regional Deposition of Submicrometer Aerosol in the Human Respiratory System Determined at 1-s Time Resolution of Particle Size Distribution Measurements

Regional Deposition of Submicrometer Aerosol in the Human Respiratory System Determined at 1-s Time Resolution of Particle Size Distribution Measurements

Seasonal Study of Primary and Secondary Sources of Carbonaceous Species in PM10 from Five Northern Chinese Cities

Submicron Particles during Macro- and Micro-Weldings Procedures in Industrial Indoor Environments and Health Implications for Welding Operators

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