Deep learning algorithms for automated detection of Crohn’s disease ulcers by video capsule endoscopy

History of artificial intelligence in medicine

“…39 CNN-based models have also been applied to detecting small-bowel capsule endoscopy anomalies and gastric cancer. [40][41][42][43][44] Cazacu et al 30 reported using ANNs in conjunction with EUS to assist in differentiating chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer, with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 94%.…”

The Future of Capsule Endoscopy: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Other Technical Advancements

“…Klang et al reported the performance of a CNN model to detect Crohn's disease ulcers using 17,640 CE images from 49 patients. 27 Unlike Aoki et al, they did not use bounding boxes or other markings to specify the lesion, and tested the developed CNN model with both 5-fold cross validation and individual patient-level experiment, which trained datasets from 48 different patients and tested the dataset of one individual patient. 25 This CNN model showed good results with AUROC of 0.99 and accuracy ranging from 95.4% to 96.7% for 5-fold cross validation, and AUROC of 0.94-0.99 for individual patient-level experiments.…”

“…When endoscopists analyzed CE images detected by CNN, the mean reading time was significantly reduced (expert 3.1 min, trainee 5.2 min vs. expert 12.2 min, trainee 20.7 min); however, the detection rate was not decreased (expert 87%, trainee 55% vs. expert 84%, trainee 47%), thus showing the potential of the application of the CNN system as the first screening tool in clinical practice. Klang et al reported the performance of a CNN model to detect Crohn’s disease ulcers using 17,640 CE images from 49 patients [ 27 ]. Unlike Aoki et al, they did not use bounding boxes or other markings to specify the lesion, and tested the developed CNN model with both 5-fold cross validation and individual patient-level experiment, which trained datasets from 48 different patients and tested the dataset of one individual patient [ 25 ].…”

Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: when and how

“…Another disadvantage is that it is time-consuming. However, several methods for creating automated software for ulcer detection 40 have been developed, and hopefully in future will also cover typical endoscopic features of inflammation. The algorithm for CE for confirmed CD is illustrated in Fig.…”