“…Although many studies have attempted to use computer vision technology to analyze teachers' facial expressions and movements, these methods often rely too much on static features and fail to fully consider the temporal changes and spatial distribution of expressions [14][15][16][17]. Additionally, some methods have low accuracy in recognizing complex expressions and movements, making it difficult to comprehensively evaluate teachers' teaching behaviors [18][19][20][21][22][23]. These limitations indicate the urgent need for more flexible and accurate analysis methods to improve the depth and breadth of research.…”